是 無以為繼？還是 滄海遺珠？

是 無以為繼？還是 滄海遺珠？



2010年度的”諾貝爾經濟學獎“，由英美三位學者共同奪得！分別為：美國麻省理工學院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)的岱蒙德(Peter A Diamond)、西北大學的蒙坦森(Dale T Mortensen)，以及英國倫敦政經學院的皮薩瑞德(Chritopher Pissarides)。


而法籍經濟學家 Maurice Allais 最近去世（1911-2010）享年九十九歲，他在 1988年獲得諾貝爾經濟學獎。


自由世界的經濟學界兩大獎項，除了“諾貝爾獎”外，還有“克拉克獎”（邵逸夫獎尚未入流，也沒設有經濟學獎。）備注(1)


John Bates Clark Medal 克拉克獎
【維基百科】The John Bates Clark Medal is awarded by the American Economic Association to "that American economist under the age of forty who is adjudged to have made a significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge".

According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, "it is widely regarded as one of the field’s most prestigious awards, perhaps second only to the Nobel in economic science."

The award was made biennially until 2007, but is being awarded every year from 2009 because many deserving went unawarded. Named after the American Neoclassical economist John Bates Clark (1847-1938), it is considered one of the two most prestigious awards in the field of economics, along with the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

Following an average wait of 22 years, approximately 40% of past Medal winners have gone on to win the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economics, presented annually since 1969 at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm. Moreover, 11 of the first 17 awardees (approximately 65%) went on to win the Nobel Prize Award.


John Bates Clark Medal 克拉克獎 是美國經濟學會（American Economic Association）所頒發的獎項，俗稱「小諾貝爾經濟獎」。入選的條件為「四十歲以下的美國經濟學者，並在經濟學思想與知識上提供了卓越的貢獻」。

這個獎項是以美國新古典主義經濟學家約翰·貝茨·克拉克（John Bates Clark）來命名，設立於此人百年誕辰的1947年，每兩年頒發一次。

這個獎項被認為是除了諾貝爾經濟獎之外，經濟學領域最重要的獎項。從1969年開始在斯德哥爾摩頒發諾貝爾經濟獎，平均有四成的約翰·貝茨·克拉克獎獲獎者，在平均22年之後都會贏得諾貝爾經濟獎。


兼得 克拉克經濟學獎章 和 諾貝爾經濟學獎 的經濟學家有：
1947 Paul A. Samuelson (1970 Nobel 2009 died)
1951 Milton Friedman (1976 Nobel 2006 died)
1955 James Tobin (1981 Nobel 2002 died)
1957 Kenneth J. Arrow (1972 Nobel)
1959 Lawrence R. Klein (1980 Nobel)
1961 Robert M. Solow (1987 Nobel)
1967 Gary S. Becker (1992 Nobel)
1975 Daniel McFadden (2000 Nobel)
1979 Joseph E. Stiglitz (2001 Nobel)
1981 A. Michael Spence (2001 Nobel)
1983 James J. Heckman (2000 Nobel)
1991 Paul R. Krugman (2008 Nobel)


Paul R. Krugman 克魯文（又譯成 克魯曼 或 克魯格曼）在二零零八年得到 諾貝爾經濟學獎，他暫時是最後一位，也是第十二位，同時奪得 克拉克獎（一九九一年）and 諾貝爾獎（二零零八年）的經濟學家。


之前之後的 克拉克經濟學獎章得獎章者，而尚未去世，還有機會的，或是暫時太年輕，等候機會的經濟學家有：

1969 Marc Leon Nerlove
1971 Dale W. Jorgenson
1973 Franklin M. Fisher
1977 Martin S. Feldstein
1985 Jerry A. Hausman
1987 Sanford J. Grossman
1989 David M. Kreps
1993 Lawrence H. Summers
1995 David Card
1997 Kevin M. Murphy
1999 Andrei Shleifer
2001 Matthew Rabin
2003 Steven Levitt
2005 Daron Acemoglu
2007 Susan C. Athey
2009 Emmanuel Saez


也有三位 克拉克經濟學獎章得獎者，卻沒等得到 諾貝爾經濟學獎，就已經去世的。他們是因為之後，學術無以為繼，再下一城的呢？還是滄海遺珠的呢？

1949 Kenneth E. Boulding (1993 died)
1963 Hendrik S. Houthakker (2008 died)
1965 Zvi Griliches (1999 died)


以上三位遺堪(含恨?）而終！


而1953年的 克拉克獎 在沒有適當人選下，Skipped 沒有頒獎，可見頒獎的審查委員會的嚴謹，寧願沒有得獎者，都不隨便頒獎。不過近年則沒有暫停頒獎，這是因為經濟學界蓬勃，人才輩出，還是沒有了以前的嚴謹呢？而今年三位諾貝爾經濟學獎得主，都未有同時在四十歲前奪得”克拉克獎“。


今年2010年，”克拉克獎“得獎者是： Esther Duflo 是位法國籍的女經濟學家。備注(2)

【維基百科】Esther Duflo (born October 25, 1972) is a French economist, currently the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

She is also co-founder of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, and in 2009 was named a MacArthur Foundation Fellow, otherwise known as a "genius" grant. She is a recipient of the 2010 John Bates Clark Medal for economists under the age of forty who are judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge.

She is also the first recipient of the Calvó-Armengol International Prize, which is awarded every two years to a top young researcher in economics or the social sciences for contributions to the theory and comprehension of the mechanisms of social interaction.

She first studied at the French École normale supérieure, where she graduated in history and economics. In 1999, she was hired as an assistant professor by the MIT department of economics, joining the department immediately after she completed her Ph.D., also at MIT. She was promoted to associate professor (with tenure) in 2002, at the age of 29, making her among the youngest faculty at the Institute to be awarded tenure.

Her major research focus is on Development economics, with an emphasis on health, education, gender and politics, and provision of credit. Together with Abhijit Banerjee, Dean Karlan, Michael Kremer, John A. List, and Sendhil Mullainathan, she has been a driving force in advancing field experiments as an important methodology to discover causal relationships in economics.

She was awarded the Elaine Bennet Prize for Research by the American Economic Association in 2003. This prize honors a woman economist under the age of forty who has made outstanding contributions in any field of economic research. In 2005, Le Monde awarded her the Best Young French Economist prize. She was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2009. She received her (first) honorary doctorate from the Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Feb 2, 2010.

Esther Duflo serves as founding editor of the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, and co-editor of the Review of Economics and Statistics and the Journal of Development Economics, and is a member of the editorial committee of the Annual Review of Economics.

She is currently a co-director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at MIT, and writes a monthly column for Libération, a French daily.


備注：
1)三位今年得到諾貝爾經濟學獎的學者，都不曾獲得“克拉克獎”的年輕經濟學家。
2)中文的維基百科關於“克拉克獎”的2010年得獎者，登文時還未見更新。




伸延閱覽：
2010諾貝爾經濟學獎得主：美英三學者共享 Taiwan RTI.org
Maurice Allais 維基百科
John Bates Clark Medal 維基百科
克拉克經濟學獎章得獎者 維基百科
諾貝爾經濟學獎得獎者 維基百科
Paul R. Krugman 維基百科
保羅 克魯格曼 維基百科
Esther Duflo 維基百科