瘋人瘋語

「我離港前到過一間精神科醫院。當時有位病人禮貌地問,一個以作為世上最悠久民主政體而自傲的國家,如何能夠將此地交給一個政治制度非常不同的國家,且既沒諮詢當地公民,又沒給予他們民主的前景,好讓他們捍衞自己的將來。一個隨行同事說,奇怪,香港提出最理智問題的人,竟在精神科醫院。」彭定康 金融時報

“During a visit to a mental hospital before I left Hong Kong, a patient politely asked me how a country that prided itself on being the oldest democracy in the world had come to be handing over his city to another country with a very different system of government, without either consulting the citizens or giving them the prospect of democracy to safeguard their future. Strange, said one of my aides, that the man with the sanest question in Hong Kong is in a mental hospital.”Chris Patten Financial Times

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Friday, August 26, 2011

專業意見

專業意見



曾蔭權說:副總理李克強訪港期間警方的保安部署「專業及適當」,香港警隊當然稱得專業,至於是否適當呢?就先請各位讀讀《大律師公會 HK Bar Association》的專業意見。


【明報專訊】警方上星期以保護副總理李克強訪港為名,在麗港城及香港大學設「保安區」限制示威,爆發法治危機。

繼有學生研控告被警員「非法禁錮」,大律師公會昨發表強硬聲明,直指所謂「核心保安區」全無法律基礎,「若為了避免政治人物尷尬而限制示威,做法明顯不恰當」,公會敦促政府,全盤公開交代警方當時作出妨礙市民示威和傳媒採訪權的法理依據。

大律師公會昨發表長達5頁聲明,指特區政府有義務保障市民和平示威權利和傳媒採訪自由,指警方所謂的保安區或核心保安區,沒任何法律基礎,直指「這類字眼並無在任何香港法例中出現」。

聲明指出,警方有權引用《公安條例》,設「指定公眾地點」和「禁區」,但事前要由特首頒布及刊憲,讓市民事前清楚知道禁區界線和自律,禁區的實施亦應合乎實際需要。聲明說,若保安區是「為了避免政治人物因要面對不同意見人士發表意見而感到尷尬,這明顯無恰當基礎」。



大律師公會於八月廿四日的專業意見長達五頁用英文以PDF發表(暫未見到中文譯本),由於用 PDF format故暫時未能轉載。

2011.08.24 Statement of Hong Kong Bar Association on the Security Arrangements of the Hong Kong Police Force During the Visit of Vice Premier Li Keqiang (PDF)

大律師公會的意見書最後以五個問題向保安局和警務處作出質詢。


立法會將在週五的保安事務委員會特別會議延期至下週一,好讓警務處長曾偉雄出席會議。


【明報專訊】為讓正在休假的警務處長曾偉雄能就國務院副總理李克強訪港期間保安安排「親自解畫」,原定明天舉行的立法會保安事務委員會特別會議,將押後至下周一舉行。

有議員認為,特首曾蔭權和最近發表「垃圾論」的政務司長唐英年亦應與會回應事件,「到底內地公安是不是在敏感時刻,就會全面接管指揮香港警察?」另外,唐英年昨答覆香港記者協會,表示下周三將與記協代表會面,討論今次採訪安排風波。

港大法律學院院長陳文敏及大律師公會昨日相繼出招,質疑警方上周的保安行動違法,由法律專家點出問題核心,下周舉行的立法會保安事務委員會特別會議亦因而有了焦點,避免流於警方與議員自說自話。對警方而言,要將民意和輿論從示威者一邊拉回來,一點也不容易,最低限度,先要回答大律師公會昨日提出的5個基本問題。

公會在5頁聲明向警方提出5問﹕1. 在港大和麗港城設立保安區,法理依據何在?2. 限制兩地點的示威活動,法理依據何在?3. 限制記者採訪自由,法理依據何在? 4. 即使有法理依據,警方限制言論、集會、示威自由的具體行動,是否又符合法律規定?5. 警察所設的限制是否具備合理目的?具體行動又是否必要?

大律師公會的質疑,主要是集中警方行動是否具有法律基礎。事實上,《警隊條例》雖賦予警方權力截停及拘留行動可疑的人士,但陳文敏解釋,法院過去的案例清楚指出,警方行使有關權力時必須要合理(reasonable),而行動本身亦須與目的相稱(proportionate),觀乎今次李克強訪港期間警方的部署,無論是警力或者封鎖範圍都超出實際所需,超出了《警隊條例》所賦予的範圍。



比起2003年溫總訪港,今次的保安更為嚴格,甚至密封苛刻得多(按:明報指出起碼當年港大同學便可以近距離接觸溫家寶),難道這位來屆準總理接班人,比起溫家寶總理的架子還要大?還是新總理有新理念,要針對香港是示威之都,施行新政策收緊人民表達的權利,並趁今次訪港,為23條測測水溫呢?


還是一班高級奴才,又再遄測主子的心意,奉承準總理接班人的意向,實行提早向準接班人交心,為了兌現令準接班人來訪下機時說:『希望盡量可以多走走、多聽聽、多看看,加深對香港的了解,感受香港新的變化。』而作出 drastic 新的變化呢?


大律師公會的意見固然是專業的,不過以曾偉雄為首的警方意見,又有多一個週末準備,是否也一般的專業呢?



後記:八月廿五日讀到明報的社評
【明報社評】副總理李克強訪港期間,警方強力打壓示威活動的做法,引起極大反彈,在港大梁銶琚樓後樓梯被警員「禁錮」約1小時的3名學生,他們所屬的3所大學,都表明會向3人提供協助。若警方違法辦事,市民當然可以循法律途徑尋求公義;不過,若警方打壓市民示威,乃當局的政治決定,市民尋求法律保護,即使勝訴,也只是解決了特定個案,但是只要政府不改變政治決定,依然千方百計打壓示威,則港人的權利和香港的核心價值,就岌岌可危。從過往一宗案例和特首曾蔭權、政務司長唐英年的表態,看今次事件,使人驚覺市民的基本權利正處於危急關頭。

今次警方打壓示威的決心和力度,較諸對付法輪功學員,尤有過之。例如,學員在中聯辦外示威,可以近距離對示威對象表達不滿;今次李克強訪港,警方對付示威常客,花招之多,乃過去所無,例如警員截停示威常客的七人車,以檢查車上是否有危險品為由,奪去車匙開走;至於其他示威者,連阻街的機會也沒有,示威者距離李克強出席活動地點最少百米之遙,已被警員截停;麗港城示威居民被不發一言的「黑衣人」抬走,甚或警員推倒示威學生,「禁錮」在後樓梯。

警方這些做法,從憲法層面,不但違反了基本法第27條的規定,也未符合終院有約束力判例和個別法例要求,例如,警員在後樓梯「禁錮」3名學生,據港大法律學院院長陳文敏認為,從表面證據看來,警方把手無寸鐵的學生推入後樓梯,並禁止學生離開,已經構成非法禁錮。打官司在裁決前難言輸贏,不過,從事件性質之嚴重,在現行體制下,被「禁錮」學生以法律為救贖的最後手段,尋求公義,完全有必要。

警方今次打壓市民示威的力度,乃回歸以來首見,其無視基本法規定、罔顧終院的裁決,證明法律只能在個別案件制衡當權者,只要當權者政治先行、政治掛帥,則所謂法律、法治,往往只會成為當權者「依法辦事」的藉口。所以,法律不可能徹底解決政治問題,政府有責任公開向市民交代,究竟怎樣看待基本法所賦予市民的基本權利。

今次打壓示威者之後,警務處長曾偉雄曾經大談什麼「核心保安區」,市民事前並未與聞;大律師公會指警方未就「保安區」刊憲,認為設禁區乃屬非法。若警方違法設保安區,並藉此打壓示威活動,較諸當年法辦法輪功學員,手法上更見無所顧忌,大有「我就是法律」的況味。

另外,唐英年的「完全垃圾論」,曾蔭權評價警方對李克強訪港的保安部署「專業而適當」,堪稱為「一個典範」。特區第一和第二把手的表態,說明什麼?他們箇中有何盤算,市民不知道,但是從他們的表態,印證警方打壓示威活動的滴水不漏,就是政府要示威者一籌莫展,而警方做到了,所以得到嘉許。本港若出現由行政長官、政務司長領軍對付示威者、違反基本法的規定、剝奪市民的基本權利的情況,可不可怕?

從曾蔭權和唐英年的心態,顯示市民的基本權利已經到了危急關頭,我們認為,他們兩人要說清楚到底發生了什麼事,事涉重大原則問題,關乎港人珍之重之的核心價值,絕對不能含混過關。



後後記:WSJ 華爾街日報 也以李克強訪港訪港大事件 說三道四

外地評論摘要﹕把北京的一套搬來香港
【明報專訊】國務院副總理李克強訪港引起的爭議,引來外地傳媒關注。《亞洲華爾街日報》的評論就指出,這次訪問的保安安排,令人懷疑是否已把內地的一套引入香港。”

美國《亞洲華爾街日報》8月23日評論
中國副總理李克強上周訪港,在某些方面是成功的。他帶來的一些中央政府大禮,例如加強人民幣離岸業務,相信有助香港鞏固金融中心地位。然而,他卻未能像總理溫家寶那樣,與香港普羅大眾親民互動。

輿論大多就此歸咎於其保安和香港警察。他到麗港城家訪,以表達對通脹和高樓價的關心,卻因便衣警員強行抬走身穿平反六四T恤的街坊,令此行的善意殆盡。身穿黑衣的警員以恐嚇語氣,問市民的女兒:「知不知你爸爸幾離譜呀?」其後,警方解釋當日拘留他,是因為他欠交亂過馬路的罰款。

李克強與本地政治人物晚飯,議員梁國雄因為沒有打領帶而被拒入場。其實,平日慣穿T恤的梁國雄,當晚已讓步穿上外套,他說之前見領導人都是這樣裝束。

帶來內地政治文化
李克強出席港大校慶演講,英語致辭贏得不少讚賞,但警方把示威學生推入後梯,又禁止其他學生進入典禮會場,校長徐立之其後就此道歉。記者也對訪問行程的保安大感不滿,認為是為了阻止記者採訪。最少一次,記者甚至不可以進入李克強公開講話的現場。香港記者協會為此遊行往警察總部,表達不滿。

這些事件加起來,令人覺得警方的做法並非單為保障李克強人身安全,而是為免他被拍攝到與示威者對質的尷尬場面。也許,這反映了北京政府在「阿拉伯之春」後的恐懼,但香港素以高舉法治和公民自由自詡,李克強卻帶來了內地不容自由言論的風氣。因身穿六四T恤而被抬走的黃健說得好:「他們來港,唔通只為睇拍手的人?」


Taking Beijing to Hong Kong
Li Keqiang brings mainland political culture to the city
【WSJ】Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang's visit to Hong Kong last week was a success in some respects. He came bearing benefits from the central government such as measures to promote offshore use of the yuan, which should bolster the city's position as a financial center. However, Mr. Li failed to establish the same kind of rapport with ordinary Hong Kong people achieved by Premier Wen Jiabao, the man he is set to replace in next year's leadership transition.

Much of the blame must go to his security detail and the Hong Kong police. On his first day in the territory last Tuesday, Mr. Li visited a housing estate to express his sympathy with residents over inflation and high property prices. But the good will dissipated when one resident made the mistake of coming out of his apartment wearing a T-shirt commemorating the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.

Wong King was promptly bundled away by men in dark suits, who told his daughter that wearing such a shirt was "rude." To add insult to injury, the police later justified his detention by accusing him of not paying an old jay-walking fine.

The following day officials turned away legislator Leung Kwok-heung from a dinner with local politicians because he was not wearing a tie. Putting on a jacket was already a big step for Mr. Leung, who usually wears a Che Guevera T-shirt and is known as a rabble-rouser. He protested that his invitation specified "business attire" and that he attended previous banquets with national leaders in similar outfits.

On Thursday, Mr. Li gave a speech at Hong Kong University and won kudos for making a few remarks in English. But the police marred the occasion by scuffling with student protesters, pushing some of them to the ground and keeping all of them outside the hall for the duration of the event. Vice Chancellor Tsui Lap-chee later apologized for the treatment of his students.

Journalists are also upset that throughout the three-day visit security arrangements were designed to prevent them from doing their jobs properly. In at least one case, they were not even allowed into the room where Mr. Li was speaking at a public event. The Hong Kong Journalists Association marched on police headquarters this weekend to express their anger.

These incidents taken together suggest that the police were acting not to protect Mr. Li from bodily harm, but to shield him from the embarrassment of being photographed with a protester. Perhaps it is a reflection of Beijing's paranoia after the Arab Spring, but Mr. Li brought the mainland's intolerance of free expression with him to a city that claims to have the rule of law and civil liberties. Mr. Wong, the T-shirt wearer, put it best when he asked, "Are they just coming to Hong Kong to see people clapping their hands?"


明報寫明是評論摘要,所以有些部分沒有翻譯出來!



伸延閱覽:
PRESS RELEASES HK Bar Association
香港基本法第23條 維基百科
大律師公會轟保安區違法 新浪新聞網
立會會議押後 促曾偉雄親解畫 新浪新聞網
港大法律學院院長陳文敏及大律師公會質疑警方上周的保安行動違法 新浪新聞網
明報社評:政治掛帥 難保人權 雅虎新聞網
明報社評:警方侵權不認錯 市民維權陷空轉 雅虎新聞網
門常開除了後樓梯那道門 何謂白色恐怖《蔡子強》 雅虎新聞網
明報外地評論摘要﹕把北京的一套搬來香港 雅虎新聞網
Taking Beijing to Hong Kong ~ Li Keqiang brings mainland political culture to the city WSJ.com


相關的舊文:
專業隊伍
淪陷區
再說三道四
將23條滲滲透透




4 comments:

Haricot 微豆 said...

Here is my guess:

Given that street protests might cause a "Hong Kong Spring", I can see why the police did not take any chances. The stake (a VIP from Beijing) is just too high and the govt was willing to suspend civil liberty even if there was (apparently) no legal basis to do so.

This is what happened in Toronto during the G8 meeting in 2010.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-h-YIj4jRw&feature=related

the inner space said...

HBB in the toronto cases I saw fire and looting at downtown Toronto!

AT HKU 港大學生們 ALL 手無寸鐵!

Haricot 微豆 said...

>> .... 手無寸鐵

Yeah, the police actions could be an overkill given the peace nature of the protest.

Let's hear what the police authourity has to say !!

the inner space said...

HBB,826 night at 8:18pm HKU students and alumni held a candle night gathering condemned the excessive policing on 818!