Meltdown 核芯融化

Meltdown 核芯融化



電影 Movie：The China Syndrome
直譯：中國並發症
港譯：危機

Directed by: James Bridges

Starring:Jane Fonda，Jack Lemmon，Michael Douglas


本篇已翻譯成繁體中文：谷歌翻譯 / 微軟翻譯


【維基百科】While visiting the Ventana nuclear power plant, television news reporter Kimberly Wells (Jane Fonda) witnesses the plant going through an emergency shutdown (SCRAM).

Shift Supervisor Jack Godell (Jack Lemmon) notices an unusual vibration; then he finds that a gauge is misreading and that the coolant is dangerously low. The crew manages to bring the reactor under control.



Wells's maverick cameraman Richard Adams (Michael Douglas) surreptitiously films the incident, despite being requested to turn his camera off for security purposes. When he shows the film to experts, they realize that the plant came close to the "China Syndrome" in which the core would have melted down into the earth, hitting groundwater and contaminating the surrounding area with radioactive steam.

Godell uncovers evidence that X-rays of welds have been falsified. He believes that the plant is unsafe and could be severely damaged if another full-power SCRAM occurs. He tries to bring the evidence to the attention of the public, but when he is chased, he takes refuge in the power plant.



To his dismay, he finds that the reactor has been brought up to full power. He grabs a gun from a security guard, forces everyone out, and demands to be interviewed on live television.

Plant technicians deliberately cause a SCRAM so that a SWAT team can force its way into the control room. The television cable is cut and Godell is shot by the police, but before he dies he feels the unusual vibration again. The resulting SCRAM is only brought under control by the plant's automatic systems. True to his predictions, the plant suffers significant damage.

Plant officials try to paint Godell as emotionally disturbed, but Godell's friend and coworker Ted Spindler states that Godell would not have taken such drastic steps had there not been something to his belief. The film ends as the reporter's live signal abruptly cuts to color bars.


理論 Theory：China Syndrome
【維基百科】The China Syndrome is a hypothetical idea of an extreme result of a nuclear meltdown in which molten reactor core products breach the barriers below them and flow downwards through the floor of the containment building. The origin of the phrase is the fictional idea that molten material from an American reactor could melt through the crust of the Earth and reach China.

The large size of nuclear power plants ordered during the late 1960s raised new safety questions and created fears of a severe reactor accident that would send large quantities of radiation into the environment.

In the early 1970s a contentious controversy over the performance of emergency core cooling systems in nuclear power plants, designed to prevent a core meltdown that could lead to the China Syndrome, was discussed in the popular media and in technical journals.

In 1971, nuclear physicist Ralph Lapp used the term "China syndrome" to describe the burn-through of the reactor vessel, the penetration of the concrete below it, and the emergence of a mass of hot fuel into the soil below the reactor.

He based his statements on the report of a task force of nuclear physicists headed by Dr. W.K. Ergen, published in 1967. The dangers of such a hypothetical accident were popularized by the 1979 film, The China Syndrome.

The name refers to the idea of the nuclear material burning a hole from the United States to 'the other side of the world', i.e., China. China is a metaphor, as the opposite side of the globe from a majority of the continental USA, save for Northern Montana, Central Colorado, Hawaii, and Northern Alaska is the Indian Ocean.

The 'China Syndrome' refers to the most drastically severe meltdown a nuclear reactor could possibly achieve. In this case, the reactor would reach the highest level of supercriticality for a sustained period of time, resulting in the melting of its support infrastructure.

The uranium in the core would behave in a similar manner to a delta-class fire, self-sustaining temperatures in excess of 2000°C. Since these temperatures would melt all materials around it, the reactor would sink due to gravity, effectively boring a hole through the reactor compartment's floor.

The China syndrome becomes fictional in the hypothesis of it boring a hole from the United States to China, or any other part of the world. Most obviously it is impossible because the Earth's gravity would only pull it towards the core of the planet and no further.

Furthermore, were the molten reactor fuel to reach the planetary mantle, the actual environmental effect would likely be low; the radioactive material would disperse by convection throughout the mantle, which is in any case kept liquid by natural nuclear decay.

However, it is likely that the uranium core would not exceed more than 10 meters of 'boring' due to natural passive safety. The surrounding ground beneath the reactor would absorb the heat and transfer its conductivity to the surrounding area, thus preventing the ground directly beneath the core from 'melting'.

This manner of spreading heat convectively through the ground is proposed for use in General Atomics' Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor for regular operation and passive safety, which aims to eliminate the possibility of a meltdown.




伸延閱覽：
閱讀 本篇網誌（繁體中文） 谷歌翻譯
閱讀 本篇網誌（繁體中文） 微軟翻譯
The China Syndrome 電影 維基百科
China Syndrome 理論 維基百科
電影：危機 The China Syndrome 維基百科
The China Syndrome《中國症候群》危機 NOWNEWS.COM
The China Syndrome Movie Trailer YOUTUBE.com
The Nuclear Meltdown in Japan 谷歌新聞搜尋
核芯融化 谷歌新聞搜尋