奮戰十年 根津公子

奮戰十年 根津公子



根津公子 ねず きみこ Nezu Kimiko 1950年生於 神奈川縣今年 64歲，原本是 日本中學的家庭科教師。1994年 3月因為在 八王子市立石川中學畢業儀式中：掲揚されていた国旗を降ろして，受到減薪處分 。。。。期間不斷被處罰扣薪調遷 。。。2009年 3月 東京都立 あきる野學園，畢業禮中在奏日本國歌 “君が代” 不起立，被教育局停職 3個月（共 6月）。。。。。經 1審，再 2審 於昨天 5月 28日得到判決！！！



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【NHK News】東京の公立学校の卒業式で、君が代を斉唱する際に起立しなかったことを理由に元教員の女性が教育委員会から受けた停職 6か月の懲戒処分について。



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東京高等裁判所は「個人の思想や良心の自由の実質的な侵害につながる」として、取り消す判決を言い渡しました。



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この裁判は、東京・町田市の市立中学校の教員だった女性が平成 19年の卒業式で、君が代を斉唱する際に起立しなかったことを理由に、東京都教育委員会から停職６か月の懲戒処分を受けたのは不当だと訴えていたものです。



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1審は、元教員は過去にも減給や停職１か月と 3か月の処分を受けたにもかかわらず、再び起立しなかったとして訴えを退けました。


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28日の 2審の判決で、東京高等裁判所の須藤典明裁判長は「処分を機械的に重くしていくと最後は免職処分になり、自分の思想を捨てるか教員の身分を捨てるかの選択を迫られる。



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憲法が保障している個人の思想や良心の自由の実質的な侵害につながるものだ」と判断して、懲戒処分を取り消すとともに 10万円の賠償を東京都に命じました。



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判決について、元教員は「都の教育委員会が処分を機械的に重くすることに対してストップをかける内容で、うれしい」と話していました。



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一方、東京都の中井敬三教育長は「誠に遺憾だ。教職員の職務命令違反に対しては今後も厳正に対処していく」とするコメントを出しました。

連結：以上 NHK News 翻譯成英文 by Google Translation


教育長 中井敬三 表示仍然對教職員違反命令，今後依然處以嚴正懲罰，云云！兼且 NHK News 有很多 related news 相關新聞，都指出這只是冰山一角。


根據 2005年 華盛頓郵報的一篇報導：Tokyo Teacher Is Punished for Pacifist Stance


根津公子 反對和擔憂的是：


“She said she opposes the song because it was the same one sung as the Imperial Army set forth from Japan calling for an "eternal reign" of the emperor.”

Plus


“Japan's dwindling pacifists worry not only about the surge in nationalism but also a trend toward revisionist history that glorifies militarism.”

and


”I feel as if freedom to question authority is being quashed just as it was during the war years,“ she said in a quiet, studied voice. ”But I will never stand for that song, the same one that played when we were invading Asia. Never.“


自 安倍晉三 上台之後，幾年間不斷尋求方法：把二戰和包括侵華歷史 纂改，企圖修改戰後日本和平憲法，容許自衛隊作海外作戰，等等大動作，若未得到美國的默許絕對是不敢做的。縱使日本人有豺狼之心，假若沒有美國人的縱容曖昧地背後推動，安倍政府是不敢明目張膽大幹特幹蠻幹。


美國國務院海軍司令和白宮，近日不斷把中國在南海島礁造島炒作，把事件不斷升溫火上加油，美軍又帶 CNN 上飛機偵察島礁，卻絕口不提 越南 和 菲律賓 也在南海侵佔中國的島礁上，幹著同樣的填海造島工程，建立軍事設施的事實。美國人的雙重標準，繼續以武力永遠稱霸不死之心，才是全球紛亂戰亂的源頭。


可惜 小小婦人 根津公子 只是極小數的日本人 “I will never stand for that song, the same one that played when we were invading Asia. Never.“ 反對用 ”君之代 君が代“ 再被選為日本國歌，警惕日本勿要重蹈覆轍，再做亞洲和全世界的罪人！！！


自 1999年日本重設 ”君之代 君が代“ 再成為國歌開始，根津公子 堅守戰後日本 “平和主張”，切底捨棄 ”軍國主義“ 思想，嚴防 日本右派鷹派 借屍還雲魂，把 ”軍國主義“ 從死裡復活，根津公子 卑微而非暴力的行動，只是在奏 ”君之代 君が代“ 時不作起立，可惜已經慘被折磨打擊超過十年。





追加：


其實，這個抗爭不止 根津公子 單單一人，之後其他還有其他 167名教師和議（仍屬小眾），共同擁有這個堅守和平理念。


【日本共產黨】東京都教育委員会による「日の丸・君が代」への起立・斉唱の強制に従わなかったことを理由に処分された都立学校教職員 168人が、処分は思想・良心の自由の侵害だとして、都を相手にその取り消しと損害賠償を求めた（1人は損害賠償だけ請求）第 1次訴訟の控訴審判決が 10日、東京高裁でありました。大橋寛明裁判長は、原告の請求を棄却した 一審判決を変更し、処分を取り消す判決を出しました。

判決は、教員の不起立行為は、生徒に対し正しい教育を行いたいという真摯（しんし）な動機による「やむにやまれぬ行動」であり、不起立によって卒業式が混乱した事実はなかったと指摘。また、国旗・国歌法の制定過程において、政府が国歌斉唱の義務付けはしないと強調していたと認めました。

そのうえで都教委の懲戒処分は「社会観念上著しく妥当を欠き、重きに失する」として、懲戒権を逸脱した違法行為だとしました。

一方で、「日の丸・君が代」を強制する都教委の通達や校長の職務命令自体については、憲法に違反しないとの従来の判例を踏襲、損害賠償は認めませんでした。

原告で都立高校教員の女性は「処分は不当だと裁判所が認めてくれてうれしい。担任を外され、息がつまるような毎日のなかで光が見えてきた」と目に涙をためて語りました。

原告で都立高校教員の男性は「卒業式、入学式を控えて職務命令でがんじがらめになっている職場を明るくする判決だ。生徒にまで向かっている強制がなくなってほしい」と語りました。

原告弁護団の澤藤統一郎弁護士は「東京都の異常な教育行政が断罪された。この判決を守りぬいていきたい」と述べました。

大橋裁判長は同日、都内の元小学校教員ら 2人が起こした同様の訴訟でも、懲戒処分を取り消す逆転判決を言い渡しました。



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【Yahoo Japan】卒業式などの君が代斉唱で不起立を繰り返し、停職処分を受けた元都立学校教諭ら 2人が、都に処分取り消しなどを求めた訴訟の控訴審判決が 28日、東京高裁であった。

須藤典明裁判長は、1人の訴えのみ認めた一審東京地裁判決を取り消し、2人に対する処分を違法と認定、都に計 20万円の損害賠償も支払うよう命じた。

君が代不起立訴訟では最高裁が 2012年、「戒告までは懲戒権者の裁量の範囲内」とする一方、停職など減給以上の処分は原則的に認められないとの判断を示し、同裁判長もこれを踏襲した。

さらに、都教育委員会は不起立を繰り返す教職員への処分を機械的に重くすることで、「自らの思想信条を捨てるか、教職員の身分を捨てるか、二者択一を迫っている」と指摘。憲法が保障する思想、良心の自由の実質的な侵害につながると述べた。

判決によると、2人は2007年3月の卒業式で起立を拒否し、停職3～6月の処分を受けた。　


連結：上面兩段日文新聞 翻譯成英文 by Google Translation



一部勝訴 逆轉勝訴 又如何呢？法庭命令 20萬円的賠償，怎能擋精神上的打擊？！





後記：


2005年 8月 30日 的 華盛頓郵報：Tokyo Teacher Is Punished for Pacifist Stance （全文）


【Washington Post】When the national anthem started playing during a ceremony this year at Tachikawa Daini Junior High School, Kimiko Nezu （根津公子）, a soft-spoken but resolute home economics teacher, refused to stand and kept her mouth shut while others sang around her.

Nezu, a self-described pacifist, said she has done the same thing ever since the parliament designated the World War II hymn "Kimigayo" as the national anthem in 1999. She said she opposes the song because it was the same one sung as the Imperial Army set forth from Japan calling for an "eternal reign" of the emperor.

Previously, her protest brought nothing more than harsh stares from some students and parents. But the Tokyo school board issued an order in October 2003 that the anthem must be respected. Since then, Nezu, 54, has been punished by frequent transfers from one school to another and with temporary salary cuts.

And in May, shortly after the incident at Tachikawa, she was suspended for a month. Officials warned that another offense could lead to her dismissal after 34 years of teaching.

The school board reaction was part of an effort by Tokyo and other school districts to enforce a new sense of pride in being Japanese. The measures were strongly backed by Shintaro Ishihara, the governor of Tokyo and an outspoken nationalist, as a way to strengthen classroom patriotism.

The school board's mandatory rule has had a visible effect. At graduation ceremonies in 2004, 198 teachers refused to stand. After a series of fines and disciplinary actions, Nezu and nine other teachers were the only protesters this year.

"They are trying to weed us out of society," Nezu said. "The pacifists, the people who oppose nationalism in Japan. We are gradually being silenced."

The school board action is at the center of criticism throughout East Asia about rising Japanese nationalism. But it is also part of an ideological battle over the role of patriotism in Japan, where people are especially concerned about how the young will view their country.

"It is time our children learned to be proud of Japan," said Hitomi Nakayama, 48, a council member in Tokyo's Tachikawa City district. Nakayama, whose son has just graduated from the junior high school, has called for an investigation of Nezu's teaching practices.

"There is nothing wrong with paying respect to our flag and our anthem or in taking pride in our nation and heritage," Nakayma said. "Most of the world enjoys that right. Why shouldn't we?"

Displays of overt patriotism were controversial in Japan in the decades after World War II. But public discourse has been changing. When the parliament adopted the "Kimigayo" hymn, it also declared the traditional Japanese sun flag, a red disk in a field of white, as the official flag. Until then, the country did not have a legally recognized national flag or anthem.

As Japan has observed the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II in the Pacific this month, nationalist political leaders have gained prominence advocating a stronger role for Japan in the world. In the aftermath of Japan's economic recession in the 1990s, there is a growing popular notion that the country deserves clout commensurate with its position as the world's second-largest economy.

Citing the threat of international terrorism and concerns that North Korea may have nuclear weapons, members of the governing Liberal Democratic Party say part of updating the country's international profile involves military preparedness. They advocate a change in Japan's constitution, which was drafted by the United States after World War II and removed Japan's right to maintain a military or wage war. The change would allow the country to define its Self-Defense Forces as Japan's armed forces.

But Japan's dwindling pacifists worry not only about the surge in nationalism but also a trend toward revisionist history that glorifies militarism.

On Aug. 15, the anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II, a record 205,000 worshipers turned out at Tokyo's Yasukuni Shrine -- a nationalist symbol that honors Japan's fallen warriors, including convicted World War II criminals.

That same weekend, the Mainichi newspaper here released a poll of 1,058 Japanese showing that only 43 percent thought the nation's actions during World War II were "clearly wrong," while the rest said the war had been unavoidable or were unsure.

The comparable response was even lower among younger Japanese -- 36 percent of 20- to 30-year-olds participating in the poll considered Japan's role in World War II as clearly wrong.

Such views, experts said, are based in part on education, as younger Japanese have been exposed to gradually lower doses of war guilt. Unlike Germany, which still strongly confronts the Holocaust in history classes, Japan's most frequently used history book for junior high schools emphasizes ancient history, spending 15 of 207 pages on wartime aggression and only one paragraph on the Tokyo trials that condemned the nation's war criminals.

Updated textbooks approved by the Education Ministry this year sparked outrage in China and South Korea for glossing over Japanese war crimes. The books dedicate 24 pages to the war period but whitewash the Japanese role and call for a "reconsideration" of the Tokyo trials. Sharp criticism from abroad has seemed to have had no effect. Before anti-Japanese street riots erupted in Beijing, Shanghai and Seoul in April, only 14 Japanese schools had adopted the revisionist books. Since then, at least 30 more have approved their use for the coming school year.

"A long time has passed and apologies and compensation have been given," said Yuko Tojo, 66, the granddaughter of Gen. Hideki Tojo, Japan's wartime prime minister. "Our children should now be allowed to honor their country."

As the cherry blossoms bloomed in April outside Tachikawa junior high in west Tokyo, Nezu prepared to make her stand against the school board by simply sitting down. She said she had been directly warned by her superiors about the consequences of violating the new regulations about classroom patriotism.

Nezu said she developed her views on nationalism after graduating from high school, when she read graphically detailed accounts about Japanese atrocities in Korea and China -- in books she had never seen at school. She confronted her father on the issue, she said. He had been a member of the Imperial Army during Japan's campaigns in China but had never spoken in detail about the war with his children, she said. "You were part of it, too, weren't you?" she recalled asking him, saying he fell silent and refused to answer when his teenage daughter looked him in the eye.

Clearly, Nezu has influenced students. Natsuki Tajima, 19, who was in Nezu's 1999-2000 class at Ishikawa Junior High, said many of her classmates had refused to stand and sing the national anthem after hearing Nezu's arguments. The school board transferred Nezu from Ishikawa in 2000, and her influence at the school faded, Tajima said. "I was one of the only ones who continued to sit down by the time I graduated," she said.

Authorities were eager to counteract such influences. "History education is meant to make children love their nation and national land, learn their predecessors' achievements and mistakes, and to think about ways to further advance their accomplishments," Ishihara, the governor, wrote in a 1997 book that discussed developing pride in Japan.

Nezu's struggle has become national news; she has been both demonized by conservatives and supported by pacifist groups and the teachers union. Tokyo school board officials dismiss the contention that they are trampling her rights.

But Nezu and the school board authorities have remained at odds. She was transferred four times in five years, often to schools two hours from her home. Nezu has fought back by filing lawsuits against the moves; she has lost one, and at least four other cases are pending. In addition to the salary cuts and the transfers, Nezu is now allowed to teach only when another teacher is present. But she said she is adamant about her stance.

"I feel as if freedom to question authority is being quashed just as it was during the war years," she said in a quiet, studied voice. "But I will never stand for that song, the same one that played when we were invading Asia. Never."


君が代




君が代は
千代に八千代に
細（さざれ）石の
巌（いわお）となりて
苔（こけ）のむすまで


皇祚連綿兮久長
萬世不變兮悠長
小石凝結成巖兮
更巖生綠苔之祥


A thousand years of happy life be thine!
Live on, my Lord, till what are pebbles now,
By age united, to great rocks shall grow,
Whose venerable sides the moss doth line.






伸延閱覽：
君が代不起立 処分を取り消し NHK News
君が代不起立 処分を取り消し Japan Google Search
君が代」処分取り消し 都教職員 167人 逆転勝訴 日本共產黨 JCP
君が代不起立で都に賠償命令＝停職処分は違法、元教諭ら勝訴―東京高裁 yahoo japan
2005 Tokyo Teacher Is Punished for Pacifist Stance washington post
根津公子 日文維基百科
君が代 日文維基百科



我的舊文：
心繫家國﹐志在四方




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