文明衝突
在明報讀到一篇集東西方文化、經濟、思想,進行分析的學術性文章,全文頗長,有耐性的朋友,可以讀讀!否則建議先讀 first to fifth paragraph 第一至五段,首五段後即可跳到 last paragraph 末段的 Conclusion 結語嘞。
作者 許寶強是嶺南大學 文化研究系副教授
許教授在 2009-01-05于明報發表一篇文章名為:
文明衝突 與 自由放任的終結~~弗里曼 和 亨廷頓 辭世之後
【明報專訊】剛離世的美國哈佛大學政治學者亨廷頓(Samuel Huntington),於20世紀90年代發表的,《文明衝突 The Clash of Civilizations》 ,惹起不少爭議。《文明衝突》先於1993年以學術論文的形式發表在《外交事務 Foreign Affairs》期刊,再於1996年以專書出版(The Clash of Civilizations——Remaking of World Order, New York : Simon & Schuster)。
亨廷頓的論點並不複雜,他認為隨著冷戰的結束,新的國際張力將受到八大文明——西方、東正教、拉美、伊斯蘭、中國儒家、日本、印度和非洲——之間的衝突所主宰。對伊斯蘭與西方之間的矛盾,《文明衝突》著墨尤多。晚近的文明衝突論支持者,往往援引九一一事件來支持亨廷頓的理論,產生或強化的文化政治效果,輕的是最近美國客機驅趕回教徒落機的鬧劇,重則包括合理化美軍長駐中東和以色列空襲加沙。反對者則指亨廷頓的說法粗疏,不僅無視世界各地豐富多元的原住民文化,同時也隨意地把以色列併入西方文明,又忽略了以佛教為主要文化的地區。
文明為什麼只剩下衝突?
著有《東方論述》(Orientalism)和《文化與帝國主義》(Culture and Imperialism)的已故哥倫比亞教授薩伊德(Edward Said),批評亨廷頓只看到「文明」間的衝突,而無視「文明」間的交流、分享和相互孕育。
他在題為 《無知的碰撞 The Clash of Ignorance》 , The Nation, Oct.4, 2001 的文章中,這樣寫道:
「我們西方人、伊斯蘭與其他人群都同游於彼水之中,而這些水均共享同一歷史海洋的源頭,因此嘗試(把「文明」)分隔和劃地為牢是毫無意義的。這確實是充滿張力的時代,但與其短暫地滿足於缺乏堅實知識、極端抽象的(文明衝突這種)胡思亂想,不如正視有權和無權社群之間的矛盾、理智和無知的現世政治、公義與不公義的普世原則。『文明衝突』論就像是『不同世界之間的戰爭』這類說法一樣的花招,只會強化自我防衛的偏見,無助於批判地理解我們時代複雜的相互依存關係。」(筆者許寶強譯)
回顧歷史,薩伊德所說的「文明」間的交流、分享和孕育等依存關係,顯然並非微不足道;而在我們這個所謂「全球化」的年代,「文明」間的相互滲透,更是無處不在。問題因此是:如何理解亨廷頓只著眼於「文明」之間的衝突?為什麼這種側重衝突的文明觀,能夠在20世紀90年代以降備受關注和重視?要回答這些問題,有必要把亨廷頓的文明衝突論,置放於特定的歷史脈絡之中。
曾於1977至1978年美國卡特政府的國家安全委員會任職的亨廷頓,在1989年蘇聯東歐社會主義陣營解體和冷戰的結束後,提出文明衝突論,可以理解為一種重新為美國尋找敵人的嘗試。為美國樹立新的敵人,替代冷戰時期的蘇共「邪惡帝國」,恐怕是想繼續合理化美國的軍事擴張和外交政冶上的合縱連橫~~拉攏拉美、東歐以對抗中東和東亞~~延續美國的政治和軍事霸權。對美國的民主或共和黨政府來說,亨廷頓的文明衝突論,都有助推動內政和外交上民粹政治的操作。
正如Ernesto Laclau在On Populist Reason(2005)一書指出,了解民粹主義的操作,是打開理解當代政治運作的鎖匙。作為一種政治邏輯,民粹操作依賴的是一種截然對立的敵我建構,以便把內部紛雜多樣的「人民」,打造成擁有同一訴求(和敵人)的集體身分,當中需要意義含混的空洞能指(empty signifier)作為中介,以建構一種不可能存在的統一體(例如「西方文明」)。
借助Laclau有關民粹主義的分析來閱讀亨廷頓的「理論」,或可更明白為什麼他只集中於討論「文明」間的「衝突」。建構伊斯蘭和中國等異族「文明」的「威脅」,正好用來填補失去了蘇共這「邪惡」「敵人」的空缺,以打造美國(以至「西方」)「人民」的集體身分認同;而含義不清、內容空洞的「八大文明」及它們之間的「衝突」,也可用來承載美國「人民」在後冷戰時期和社會兩極分化下各式各樣的焦慮和訴求。這恐怕才是文明衝突論在20世紀90年代以降一紙風行的真正原因。
重讀 凱恩斯 博蘭尼
如果以只有極少數人發動的九一一襲擊來「印證」伊斯蘭和西方「文明」的衝突,只是一種以偏概全的虛妄,那麼是次席捲全球的金融海嘯,似乎更能普遍反映放任主義(laissez-faire)的遺害。在過去30年橫行的放任主義和相關的政策,不僅造成嚴重的全球兩極分化,更導致影響深遠的金融海嘯,當中反映的,恐怕並不是抽象和含義不清的「文明衝突」,而是薩伊德所指的坐落於有權和無權的社群、理智與無知的政治力量、公義和不公義的普世原則之間的矛盾。而要理解「我們時代複雜的相互依存關係」,似乎無可避免先要告別文明衝突論,認真分析導致金融海嘯的歷史原因,重新審視過去主宰全球的放任主義。
凱恩斯(J. M. Keynes)在其寫於上世紀20年代中的 《自由放任的終結 The End of Laissez-faire》, 收於New York: Prometheus Books, 2004中,提醒我們研究觀念的歷史(history of opinion)是思想解放的前提。置身金融海嘯中,重讀凱恩斯和博蘭尼(Karl Polanyi)有關放任主義在19世紀至20世紀初興衰的論斷,應有助我們理解當代的處境。
凱恩斯指出,雄霸19世紀的自由放任觀念,並非源自Adam Smith和Ricardo等政治經濟學大師,而是出於政治哲學家之手,再經一些二流經濟學者(secondary economic authorities)和教育機器(educational machine)的不斷自我複製,終於成為了主導一時的陳腔濫調(copybook maxim)。凱恩斯認為,放任主義之所以在19世紀大行其道,除了是對18世紀無能和貪腐的政府的反動外,也得力於物競天擇、適者生存的庸俗社會達爾文主義觀念的流行,同時又受益於放任主義的簡單易懂和其論辯對手──保護主義和國家社會主義──的脫離現實。
不約而同,博蘭尼在其名著《大轉變》(The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press, 1944/1957)也論及自由放任觀念的興衰。他指出19世紀興起的放任主義(laissez-faire)和經濟自由主義(economic liberalism),在破壞了傳統的社群文化生活之餘,也同時造就了社會(包括自然、人和金錢)的自我保護,最終導致放任主義和經濟自由主義自身的末路。
凱恩斯和博蘭尼都批評放任主義者思想混亂,經濟自由主義的理論與事實不符。這些指控,其實是反映了「自由放任」和「經濟自由」等空洞能指的屬性──它們並非要表述任何具體和正面的內容,只是嘗試扣連無法真正統合的「人民」紛雜訴求。而同樣空洞的「保護主義」和「社會主義」,則正好作為「人民」的敵人,成就推動社會往資本主義方向轉變的民粹大計。換句話說,與「文明衝突論」一樣,「自由放任主義」在19世紀以至過去30年間的流行,彰顯的恐怕不是政治學者或經濟學家的真知灼見,而是民粹主義的氾濫。
20世紀30年代的經濟大衰退,見證了主宰整個19世紀的「放任主義」和「經濟自由主義」的沒落,而在21世紀金融海嘯的衝擊下,當代的自由放任論調也步入黃昏。隨著鼓吹放任主義的弗里曼(Milton Friedman)和提出文明衝突論的亨廷頓相繼辭世,勇於偏向財閥和發動戰爭的布殊政府正式步下歷史的舞台,在各少數族裔的支持下,美國終於選出了第一位黑人總統。這種種轉變,是否正預示了分別為貧富兩極分化和種族仇恨/歧視提供理據的自由放任與文明衝突論,正式走向終結?
上文長篇大論,引經據典,搬出幾個大名,最終祇是為了要說:為何? WHY? 美國會有第一位黑人總統,民主黨的奧巴馬出現。奧巴馬先在黨內初選,脫穎而出,先後擊敗多位民主黨內的白人對手,包括志在必得的前第一夫人 希拉莉克林頓女士。再在08年11月美國全國大選中,勝了代表傳統白人保守勢力,純白人共和黨總統候選人 麥凱恩。
Well 冇辦法囉,在香港學者們的成績、成就、成功、成名,是靠發表的文章數量來論成敗,多過文章的質量,之後引用次數多寡。發表文章數量容易統計,質量就見仁見智了,要去追蹤引用多寡,難度更高,而且中國人一向文人相輕,若要搵老外學者來評核、評閱、評審,就更加困難了,費時失事。記得九七之前,本港兩間歷史悠久的大學,存在聘請『校外主考』的制度,即是每個學系個 panel,要多請一位外國學者當成員,去 reaffirm 本地成員,不知回歸之後,還有沒有繼續呢?
Anyway 孤勿論甚麼都好,奧巴馬話要 Change! 改變! 他將要建立一個近附社會主義的美國,早在競選就有跡象,眾所周知有跡可尋。加上金融大海嘯的沖擊,政府向銀行、金融機構和三大車廠注資,間接地國有化了,成就了規範化,受到嚴密監控,自由經濟主義切底被推翻,被否定了。
奧巴馬 sell 給美國人的另一個賣點,就是 The audacity of hope:Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream 給予民眾一個希望,給美國人一個夢想。人們有著祈望、希望,就會較有耐性,總希望明天會變得更好,今天唔好的話,希望明天就會變好,但『明日復明日 明日何其多』。夢是可以發完又再發過,美國人可以不停的發夢,發他們的春秋『白日夢』!
In his inaugural speech Obama said: ". . . . this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control -- and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart."
奧巴馬在就職演說中話:『。。。這場危機提醒我們,如果沒有監管,市場很可能就會失控,而祇偏袒富人,國家的繁榮無法持久。國家經濟的成敗,不僅僅取決於國內生產總值的大小,而是取決於繁榮的覆蓋面,取決於我們是否有能力,讓所有有意願的人都有機會。』
希望奧巴馬不至于是要推行『福利社會主義』、『保護主義』和『計劃經濟』,否則這個 Dream 將會是一場『惡夢』!
後記:
另一位學者 中文大學亞太研究所 研究助理教授 沈旭暉
亨廷頓﹕學術與政治的掙扎 2009年1月6日
後後記:
得到一位在紐約打工的舊同事 Email咗,這個有趣的課題:
”I hope he(Obama)FAILS”. Apparently a radio talkshow host
Rush Limbaugh said:
"I've been listening to Barack Obama for a year-and-a-half. I know what his politics are. I know what his plans are, as he has stated them. I don't want them to succeed. . . . . Look, what he's talking about is the absorption of as much of the private sector by the U.S. government as possible, from the banking business, to the mortgage industry, the automobile business, to health care. I do not want the government in charge of all of these things. I don't want this to work. So I'm thinking of replying to the guy, 'Okay, I'll send you a response, but I don't need 400 words, I need four: I hope he fails. . . . . Limbaugh: I Hope Obama Fails.' Somebody's gotta say it."
全文:I HOPE HE FAILS by Rush Limbaugh
Futhermore many responded to this and one of the many said:
Why I Want Barack Obama To Fail As President
Now we arrive at where I stand on Obama's relative "success." I did not vote for the man. I do not support his socialist ideas. I stand four-square against his votes for infanticide, his votes to gut the Constitutional right to self-protection, his vague ideas of nationalizing various industries, his intention to enlarge government to unheard of proportions and his softening on terror producing countries. And since these are the things his entire life's career point to as probable goals to "succeed" upon during his presidency… well, I want him to fail. And I want him to do so spectacularly. If Barack Obama is but a Trojan Horse for communism to push its nose under and into the tent, I want him to fail in the attempt.
Simply put I want these ideas to fail miserably because success for them would mean the destruction of this country. So, wishing Obama to succeed would be hoping for the destruction of my country if success means the accomplishments of goals like I mention above.
伸延閱覽:
The Clash of Civilizations ~ Samuel P. Huntington 1993 英文原文 utexas.edu
The Clash of Ignorance ~ Edward Said 英文原文 thenation.com
The End of Laissez-faire ~ John Maynard Keynes 英文原文 panarchy.org
文明衝突 與 自由放任的終結~~弗里曼 和 亨廷頓 辭世之後 明報
亨廷頓﹕學術與政治的掙扎 明報
Obama Inaugural Speech 原文 CNN.Com
美國總統奧巴馬就職演說(全文) 新浪網
奧巴馬就職演說(全文) 中國評論新聞
奧巴馬臨危登大位 經濟績效決定成敗 明報社評
激情奧巴馬難再現 蔡子強
Rush Limbaugh: I hope he fails 谷歌搜尋
Why I Want Barack Obama To Fail As President by Warner Todd Huston redstate.com
Why I Want Barack Obama To Fail As President freerepublic.com
我的舊文:
一年一度 JibJab
市場經濟的盡頭
悼佛利民 悼自由經濟主義
怎去分辯 真 Real Genuine 偽 Fake Counterfeit 眼見都未為真。 合法 依法 Legitimate 是否必然包含:公平 公正 和 公義 呢? The wise speaks when he has something to say. The fool speaks when he has to say something 。 。 。 。 。 。。。。。。 一個沒有內涵的小男人﹐顧名 "the inner space".
瘋人瘋語
「我離港前到過一間精神科醫院。當時有位病人禮貌地問,一個以作為世上最悠久民主政體而自傲的國家,如何能夠將此地交給一個政治制度非常不同的國家,且既沒諮詢當地公民,又沒給予他們民主的前景,好讓他們捍衞自己的將來。一個隨行同事說,奇怪,香港提出最理智問題的人,竟在精神科醫院。」彭定康 金融時報 “During a visit to a mental hospital before I left Hong Kong, a patient politely asked me how a country that prided itself on being the oldest democracy in the world had come to be handing over his city to another country with a very different system of government, without either consulting the citizens or giving them the prospect of democracy to safeguard their future. Strange, said one of my aides, that the man with the sanest question in Hong Kong is in a mental hospital.”Chris Patten Financial Times
Non Chinese literate friends, please simply switch to English Version provided by LOUSY Google Translation
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Thursday, January 22, 2009
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
歷史的一刻 A moment in History
歷史的一刻 A moment in History
依據就職典禮日程表,奧巴馬要到美國東岸廿日時間正午宣誓就職。實際情況,在美國東岸時間廿日正午12:05 即香港時間廿一日凌晨一時零五分,Barack·Hussein·Obama(II) 巴諾·胡辛·奧巴馬(二世),宣誓成為美國首位黑皮膚的非純白人總統,隨即發表就職演說。
奧巴馬特別刻意,效法林肯總統,一家人會乘搭火車,由費城出發,到 威爾明頓接埋副總統拜登一家,再經過巴爾的摩南下到華盛頓,進行宣誓就職典禮。而他也從華盛頓國會圖書館,借來林肯總統當年用過的同一本聖經,作為宣誓時用。 So Far 一切 rundown ok,平平安安,就職典禮宣告禮成。之後會舉行午餐宴會,及在賓夕法尼亞大道的遊行,晚上還有更多宴會和舞會。
巴諾·奧巴馬生於夏威夷州檀香山,父親老巴諾·奧巴馬是生於肯尼亞的盧歐族純非裔黑人留學生。母親 Ann Dunham 生於美國堪薩斯州純白人。巴諾·奧巴馬是黑白混血兒,不是純黑人,也不是純白人。 奧巴馬父母在他兩歲時已經離婚,奧巴馬一直跟隨著白人母親。
奧巴馬的成長期,是由母親方面的白人祖父母看管,在夏威夷完成 highschool,兒童時代深受母系的白人祖父母的影響,可算是一個黑皮白心的孩子。對於奧巴馬能否促使種族融和,有所保留,況且 巴諾·奧巴馬的黑人血統,並沒有和美國本土的非裔黑人任何關連,美國的非裔黑人,是在二三百年前,他們上幾代的曾祖父母,已經離開非洲,被賣到北美為奴。
奧巴馬將要建立第一個近附社會主義的美國,早在競選就有跡象,眾所周知,再加上金融大海嘯的沖擊,美國政府向銀行、金融機構和三大車廠注資,間接國有化了,成就了規範化,受到嚴密監控,自由經濟主義切底被推翻。
奧巴馬的 Secretary of State是克林頓夫人,內閣之中很多是克林頓時代的舊臣,就好像個舊生會 reunion,就職典禮後,奧巴馬推翻現行制度。 實行翻天覆地的改革勢在必行,更可能恢復部份克林頓時代的舊制,請大家拭目以待罷。
Change! 轉變!可以是好的,也可以是不好的,也有可能是壞的。不過奧巴馬自初選到大選,他除了 sell Change 賣他的改革變革意念外,還賣一個重點,就是 HOPE!希望!
奧巴馬成名于 2004年在波士頓舉行的民主黨大會,當年的民主黨提名候選人是 John Kerry,奧巴馬發表演說:就是以“The Audacity of Hope" 為題。
In the end, that's what this election is about. Do we participate in a politics of cynicism or a politics of hope? John Kerry calls on us to hope. John Edwards calls on us to hope. I'm not talking about blind optimism here -- the almost willful ignorance that thinks unemployment will go away if we just don't talk about it, or the health care crisis will solve itself if we just ignore it.
No, I'm talking about something more substantial. It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a millworker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too.
Hope in the face of difficulty. Hope in the face of uncertainty. The audacity of hope!
之後出版咗本同名的書:" The Audacity of Hope" 副題是:"Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream"
而 The audacity of hope:Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream 就是 奧巴馬 sell 給美國選民的另一個 selling point,給予民眾一個希望,一個夢想。 而四十六年前,美國著名民權領袖 Martin Luther King Jr. 也是 sell " I have a Dream!"
人們有著祈望、希望,就會較有耐性,總希望明天會更好,今天唔好的話,希望明天就會好,明日復明日,明日何其多,咁蜜月期會有幾長呢?
咁究竟奧巴馬的就職典禮的演說涵蓋甚麼呢?
奧巴馬總統就職演說拙要
《明報專訊》美國奧巴馬正式宣誓成為總統,發表就職演說,他表示,國家正面臨危機,但最終要面對及解決。
奧巴馬表示,不能在短期內克服問題,但將會解決。他呼籲國人面繼承國家開創者的精神,克服困難,面對挑戰,令下一代的美國人更好。
他指出,國家正與一個龐大及暴力及憎恨網絡作戰,經濟衰退,根源是貪婪及不負責任。
奧巴馬重申美國的偉大,但偉大不是一定的,要去爭取,美國從來沒有走捷徑或妥協。他提及先人的貢獻及無懼精神。
他指出,政府將會興建道路、橋樑及學校,使用更環保的能源。有人質疑他們的計劃過大,但他強調,這不是政府大小的問題,而是政府能否幫助人民,亦不是市場是否好或壞的問題,而是市場缺乏監管,最終失去控制。而國家不能長期繁榮,如只是對有錢人有利,國家經濟的成功不單是看經濟規模,而是繁榮可伸展的範圍。
美國總統奧巴馬表示,美國人由今日起要振作,拍走塵埃,重新開始再造美國。
奧巴馬表示,美國仍然是全球最繁榮及強大的國家,工人仍有競爭力,思想仍創新,生產能量仍存在,但他們過於保護少數利益,推遲難受的決定,這個時刻已過去,美國人由今日起要振作,拍走塵埃,重新開始再造美國。
補記:
剛在舊文 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton 講過,奧巴馬 延攬一班比他有經驗的民主黨人入閣,無可厚非。 作為一個總統,是依靠一班信得過的部長們各施其職,而他個人就是統籌,和 fine tune 一吓,在那裡加啲潤滑劑,減少各部門之間的磨擦,令到整部機器依照他的大方向運作。
不過 拜登就首先巧施手段示威,透過老婆在名嘴 Oprah Winfrey 的 talk show 中說:希拉莉國務卿個職位是 拜登所棄,才由 希拉莉執二攤。其實 拜登是機會主義者,情願當副總統,因為黑人總統很有機會在任內被人暗殺,咁咪一句唔該,就坐上總統個位囉。不過還未正式開波,奧巴馬班馬仔們,已經暗裡角力,啲暗湧就很明顯了,亦是整個團隊的隱憂。
後記:
在就職典禮中,帶領祈禱個位神職人員,把奧巴馬說成 the son of an African Immigrant 一位非裔移民的兒子,確實令人失笑,為何竟然有咁嘅誤解呢? 還是另有所指呢?
奧巴馬演說全文: It's time to remake America(CNN)
My fellow citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.
So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land -- a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met.
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the fainthearted -- for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things -- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor -- who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.
Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act -- not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions -- who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them -- that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account -- to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day -- because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control -- and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart -- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: Know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort -- even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment -- a moment that will define a generation -- it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends -- hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
This is the price and the promise of citizenship.
This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed -- why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.
So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
"Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."
America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
後記:奧巴馬就任一週年
【明報專訊】奧巴馬就任美國總統一年,民望下滑,他承認施政上有失誤,與民眾直接溝通不足,不夠緊貼民情。
奧巴馬接受美國廣播公司訪問時表示,政府過去一年來曾作出不受歡迎的決定,他自己也犯過一些錯誤。他承認政府與民眾直接溝通不足,未夠了解他們的核心價值,以致施政時與民望的核心價值有有落差。
對於民主黨失守麻省聯邦參議員席位,奧巴馬表示,共和黨的布朗贏得麻省聯邦參議員席位,與他08年贏得大選入主白宮一樣,均反映出民眾感到憤怒及沮喪。但他強調,這並非因為過去兩年所發生的事,而是過去八年來發生的事情,矛頭直指前任總統布殊過去年8年施政失敗,留下一個爛攤子給他。
布朗贏得麻省聯邦參議員席位,令民主黨在參議院去大多數席位的優勢。
奧巴馬表示,希望國會議員能盡快就醫療改革方案的核心內容達成共識。
伸延閱覽:
Barack·Hussein·Obama(II) 維基百科
巴諾·胡辛·奧巴馬(二世) 維基百科
Obama Shi 小浜市 おばまし 維基百科
奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表 新浪網
Martin Luther King, Jr. 維基百科
I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King 維基百科
The Audacity of Hope 維基百科
奧巴馬就職演說將談責任感 明報
就職演說效甘迺迪強調責任 明報
成立基層組織 為連任鋪路 明報
黑人對於奧巴馬能否促使種族融和有保留 明報
Jill Biden Tells Oprah Her Hubbie Offered Choice of VP or Secy of state 谷歌
拜登妻子說漏嘴 爆出希拉里當國務卿只是「執二攤」 (明報)
奧巴馬就職專輯 (明報)
Presidency Inauguration 新聞 CNN.Com
President Obama's Inaugural Speech 原文 CNN.Com
美國總統奧巴馬就職演說(全文) 新浪網
奧巴馬就職演說(全文) 中國評論新聞
奧巴馬承認施政有失誤 雅虎新聞網
我的舊文:
選舉人票 ~ 通吃制
希拉莉 敗選者的氣度
歷史新的一頁 a new page on American history
歷史更新的一頁 a newer page on American history
寫在塵埃落定時
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
奧巴馬 被 question validity of citizenship?
依據就職典禮日程表,奧巴馬要到美國東岸廿日時間正午宣誓就職。實際情況,在美國東岸時間廿日正午12:05 即香港時間廿一日凌晨一時零五分,Barack·Hussein·Obama(II) 巴諾·胡辛·奧巴馬(二世),宣誓成為美國首位黑皮膚的非純白人總統,隨即發表就職演說。
奧巴馬特別刻意,效法林肯總統,一家人會乘搭火車,由費城出發,到 威爾明頓接埋副總統拜登一家,再經過巴爾的摩南下到華盛頓,進行宣誓就職典禮。而他也從華盛頓國會圖書館,借來林肯總統當年用過的同一本聖經,作為宣誓時用。 So Far 一切 rundown ok,平平安安,就職典禮宣告禮成。之後會舉行午餐宴會,及在賓夕法尼亞大道的遊行,晚上還有更多宴會和舞會。
巴諾·奧巴馬生於夏威夷州檀香山,父親老巴諾·奧巴馬是生於肯尼亞的盧歐族純非裔黑人留學生。母親 Ann Dunham 生於美國堪薩斯州純白人。巴諾·奧巴馬是黑白混血兒,不是純黑人,也不是純白人。 奧巴馬父母在他兩歲時已經離婚,奧巴馬一直跟隨著白人母親。
奧巴馬的成長期,是由母親方面的白人祖父母看管,在夏威夷完成 highschool,兒童時代深受母系的白人祖父母的影響,可算是一個黑皮白心的孩子。對於奧巴馬能否促使種族融和,有所保留,況且 巴諾·奧巴馬的黑人血統,並沒有和美國本土的非裔黑人任何關連,美國的非裔黑人,是在二三百年前,他們上幾代的曾祖父母,已經離開非洲,被賣到北美為奴。
奧巴馬將要建立第一個近附社會主義的美國,早在競選就有跡象,眾所周知,再加上金融大海嘯的沖擊,美國政府向銀行、金融機構和三大車廠注資,間接國有化了,成就了規範化,受到嚴密監控,自由經濟主義切底被推翻。
奧巴馬的 Secretary of State是克林頓夫人,內閣之中很多是克林頓時代的舊臣,就好像個舊生會 reunion,就職典禮後,奧巴馬推翻現行制度。 實行翻天覆地的改革勢在必行,更可能恢復部份克林頓時代的舊制,請大家拭目以待罷。
Change! 轉變!可以是好的,也可以是不好的,也有可能是壞的。不過奧巴馬自初選到大選,他除了 sell Change 賣他的改革變革意念外,還賣一個重點,就是 HOPE!希望!
奧巴馬成名于 2004年在波士頓舉行的民主黨大會,當年的民主黨提名候選人是 John Kerry,奧巴馬發表演說:就是以“The Audacity of Hope" 為題。
In the end, that's what this election is about. Do we participate in a politics of cynicism or a politics of hope? John Kerry calls on us to hope. John Edwards calls on us to hope. I'm not talking about blind optimism here -- the almost willful ignorance that thinks unemployment will go away if we just don't talk about it, or the health care crisis will solve itself if we just ignore it.
No, I'm talking about something more substantial. It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a millworker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too.
Hope in the face of difficulty. Hope in the face of uncertainty. The audacity of hope!
之後出版咗本同名的書:" The Audacity of Hope" 副題是:"Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream"
而 The audacity of hope:Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream 就是 奧巴馬 sell 給美國選民的另一個 selling point,給予民眾一個希望,一個夢想。 而四十六年前,美國著名民權領袖 Martin Luther King Jr. 也是 sell " I have a Dream!"
人們有著祈望、希望,就會較有耐性,總希望明天會更好,今天唔好的話,希望明天就會好,明日復明日,明日何其多,咁蜜月期會有幾長呢?
咁究竟奧巴馬的就職典禮的演說涵蓋甚麼呢?
奧巴馬總統就職演說拙要
《明報專訊》美國奧巴馬正式宣誓成為總統,發表就職演說,他表示,國家正面臨危機,但最終要面對及解決。
奧巴馬表示,不能在短期內克服問題,但將會解決。他呼籲國人面繼承國家開創者的精神,克服困難,面對挑戰,令下一代的美國人更好。
他指出,國家正與一個龐大及暴力及憎恨網絡作戰,經濟衰退,根源是貪婪及不負責任。
奧巴馬重申美國的偉大,但偉大不是一定的,要去爭取,美國從來沒有走捷徑或妥協。他提及先人的貢獻及無懼精神。
他指出,政府將會興建道路、橋樑及學校,使用更環保的能源。有人質疑他們的計劃過大,但他強調,這不是政府大小的問題,而是政府能否幫助人民,亦不是市場是否好或壞的問題,而是市場缺乏監管,最終失去控制。而國家不能長期繁榮,如只是對有錢人有利,國家經濟的成功不單是看經濟規模,而是繁榮可伸展的範圍。
美國總統奧巴馬表示,美國人由今日起要振作,拍走塵埃,重新開始再造美國。
奧巴馬表示,美國仍然是全球最繁榮及強大的國家,工人仍有競爭力,思想仍創新,生產能量仍存在,但他們過於保護少數利益,推遲難受的決定,這個時刻已過去,美國人由今日起要振作,拍走塵埃,重新開始再造美國。
補記:
剛在舊文 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton 講過,奧巴馬 延攬一班比他有經驗的民主黨人入閣,無可厚非。 作為一個總統,是依靠一班信得過的部長們各施其職,而他個人就是統籌,和 fine tune 一吓,在那裡加啲潤滑劑,減少各部門之間的磨擦,令到整部機器依照他的大方向運作。
不過 拜登就首先巧施手段示威,透過老婆在名嘴 Oprah Winfrey 的 talk show 中說:希拉莉國務卿個職位是 拜登所棄,才由 希拉莉執二攤。其實 拜登是機會主義者,情願當副總統,因為黑人總統很有機會在任內被人暗殺,咁咪一句唔該,就坐上總統個位囉。不過還未正式開波,奧巴馬班馬仔們,已經暗裡角力,啲暗湧就很明顯了,亦是整個團隊的隱憂。
後記:
在就職典禮中,帶領祈禱個位神職人員,把奧巴馬說成 the son of an African Immigrant 一位非裔移民的兒子,確實令人失笑,為何竟然有咁嘅誤解呢? 還是另有所指呢?
奧巴馬演說全文: It's time to remake America(CNN)
My fellow citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.
So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land -- a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met.
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the fainthearted -- for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things -- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor -- who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.
Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act -- not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions -- who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them -- that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account -- to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day -- because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control -- and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart -- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: Know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort -- even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment -- a moment that will define a generation -- it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends -- hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
This is the price and the promise of citizenship.
This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed -- why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.
So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
"Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."
America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
後記:奧巴馬就任一週年
【明報專訊】奧巴馬就任美國總統一年,民望下滑,他承認施政上有失誤,與民眾直接溝通不足,不夠緊貼民情。
奧巴馬接受美國廣播公司訪問時表示,政府過去一年來曾作出不受歡迎的決定,他自己也犯過一些錯誤。他承認政府與民眾直接溝通不足,未夠了解他們的核心價值,以致施政時與民望的核心價值有有落差。
對於民主黨失守麻省聯邦參議員席位,奧巴馬表示,共和黨的布朗贏得麻省聯邦參議員席位,與他08年贏得大選入主白宮一樣,均反映出民眾感到憤怒及沮喪。但他強調,這並非因為過去兩年所發生的事,而是過去八年來發生的事情,矛頭直指前任總統布殊過去年8年施政失敗,留下一個爛攤子給他。
布朗贏得麻省聯邦參議員席位,令民主黨在參議院去大多數席位的優勢。
奧巴馬表示,希望國會議員能盡快就醫療改革方案的核心內容達成共識。
伸延閱覽:
Barack·Hussein·Obama(II) 維基百科
巴諾·胡辛·奧巴馬(二世) 維基百科
Obama Shi 小浜市 おばまし 維基百科
奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表 新浪網
Martin Luther King, Jr. 維基百科
I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King 維基百科
The Audacity of Hope 維基百科
奧巴馬就職演說將談責任感 明報
就職演說效甘迺迪強調責任 明報
成立基層組織 為連任鋪路 明報
黑人對於奧巴馬能否促使種族融和有保留 明報
Jill Biden Tells Oprah Her Hubbie Offered Choice of VP or Secy of state 谷歌
拜登妻子說漏嘴 爆出希拉里當國務卿只是「執二攤」 (明報)
奧巴馬就職專輯 (明報)
Presidency Inauguration 新聞 CNN.Com
President Obama's Inaugural Speech 原文 CNN.Com
美國總統奧巴馬就職演說(全文) 新浪網
奧巴馬就職演說(全文) 中國評論新聞
奧巴馬承認施政有失誤 雅虎新聞網
我的舊文:
選舉人票 ~ 通吃制
希拉莉 敗選者的氣度
歷史新的一頁 a new page on American history
歷史更新的一頁 a newer page on American history
寫在塵埃落定時
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
奧巴馬 被 question validity of citizenship?
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
出淤泥而不染
出淤泥而不染
農曆新年轉眼又到了,今年的農歷新年,比較早到,1月26號就是年初一了,花市年宵市場在星期二20號年廿五,節氣大寒當天就開始營業。
年花有好意頭的意思,未嫁娶的,希望行個桃花運,做生意的,年初一開花,希望來年生意興旺,牡丹花富貴者也,世人多愛擺牡丹富貴。但唔知點解有人,年花會插劍蘭的呢?蘭蘭聲,諧音:難!難!難!唔喺幾好意頭噃!
可惜在年終,在天冷,是沒有蓮花的,擺放水仙或是蟹爪,也是不錯的替補,都也是水栽的,其香氣也以堪稱為『香遠益清!』
《愛蓮說》 周敦頤
水陸草木之花,可愛者甚蕃。
晉陶淵明獨愛菊;
自李唐來,世人盛愛牡丹;
予獨愛蓮之出淤泥而不染,
濯清漣而不妖,
中通外直,不蔓不枝,
香遠益清,亭亭靜植,
可遠觀而不可褻玩焉。
予謂:
菊,花之隱逸者也;
牡丹,花之富貴者也;
蓮,花之君子者也。
噫!菊之愛,陶後鮮有聞;
蓮之愛,同予者何人;
牡丹之愛,宜乎眾矣。
荷花和蓮花都是水生的,生長在池塘裡,花和葉透出水面,生淤泥而不染,我就自認見識少,分不開二者。 祇知道有荷葉飯,是用荷花葉包的糯米飯,而糯米雞就是用竹葉包的,也有用荷葉包的糯米雞,糉子也是竹葉包的,未聞用蓮葉包的糯米雞或糉子。
蓮花的根是蓮藕,可以入饌,蓮子是可以吃的,過年時有製成糖蓮子,擺在全盒中奉客,幼年時會代母親遞上全盒,向結了婚的來客,請他們夫婦吃蓮子曰:『蓮子蓮子,年生貴子!』利是都多啲,因為有些疏爽的客人,會加一封利是放在全盒上,這是歸我的啊!哈哈哈!
蓮花的開花期,在盛夏時節,天氣炎熱之時,有次去華東旅行,見過有人坐在大木盆,浮在湖面工作,不過如上所說,分不開是採蓮還是摘荷葉的呢?
『出淤泥而不染!』後世人多利用來形容,出生不好家庭的人,沒有習染了不良,又有作生長在一個烏煙瘴氣的社會,沒有受其污染影響,可以堂堂正正,正正直直咁做人。 究竟這祇是理想?還是可以是事實可行呢?祇是被利用來鼓勵人用的多啲呢!
然而世人的眼光是勢利的,是偏見的,他們利用別人出生地,她們利用別人膚色,更利用別人成長地,還利用別讀過的學校,一早一早將別人stereotype 咗。
若一經畀人地定性後,要改變改觀,便需要加倍的氣力,所以要時刻警惕,不要給人口實,否則功虧一蕢,被人扣了帽子,就萬劫不復。
我的舊文:
韓愈 祭鱷魚文
陶淵明 歸去來辭
陶潛 五柳先生傳
陶潛《歸田園居詩五首》
陶淵明 桃花源記
范仲淹 岳陽樓記
文天祥 正氣歌
岳飛 滿江紅
王勃 滕王閣序
由說客 Lobbyist 到左傳 『燭之武退秦師』
農曆新年轉眼又到了,今年的農歷新年,比較早到,1月26號就是年初一了,花市年宵市場在星期二20號年廿五,節氣大寒當天就開始營業。
年花有好意頭的意思,未嫁娶的,希望行個桃花運,做生意的,年初一開花,希望來年生意興旺,牡丹花富貴者也,世人多愛擺牡丹富貴。但唔知點解有人,年花會插劍蘭的呢?蘭蘭聲,諧音:難!難!難!唔喺幾好意頭噃!
可惜在年終,在天冷,是沒有蓮花的,擺放水仙或是蟹爪,也是不錯的替補,都也是水栽的,其香氣也以堪稱為『香遠益清!』
《愛蓮說》 周敦頤
水陸草木之花,可愛者甚蕃。
晉陶淵明獨愛菊;
自李唐來,世人盛愛牡丹;
予獨愛蓮之出淤泥而不染,
濯清漣而不妖,
中通外直,不蔓不枝,
香遠益清,亭亭靜植,
可遠觀而不可褻玩焉。
予謂:
菊,花之隱逸者也;
牡丹,花之富貴者也;
蓮,花之君子者也。
噫!菊之愛,陶後鮮有聞;
蓮之愛,同予者何人;
牡丹之愛,宜乎眾矣。
荷花和蓮花都是水生的,生長在池塘裡,花和葉透出水面,生淤泥而不染,我就自認見識少,分不開二者。 祇知道有荷葉飯,是用荷花葉包的糯米飯,而糯米雞就是用竹葉包的,也有用荷葉包的糯米雞,糉子也是竹葉包的,未聞用蓮葉包的糯米雞或糉子。
蓮花的根是蓮藕,可以入饌,蓮子是可以吃的,過年時有製成糖蓮子,擺在全盒中奉客,幼年時會代母親遞上全盒,向結了婚的來客,請他們夫婦吃蓮子曰:『蓮子蓮子,年生貴子!』利是都多啲,因為有些疏爽的客人,會加一封利是放在全盒上,這是歸我的啊!哈哈哈!
蓮花的開花期,在盛夏時節,天氣炎熱之時,有次去華東旅行,見過有人坐在大木盆,浮在湖面工作,不過如上所說,分不開是採蓮還是摘荷葉的呢?
『出淤泥而不染!』後世人多利用來形容,出生不好家庭的人,沒有習染了不良,又有作生長在一個烏煙瘴氣的社會,沒有受其污染影響,可以堂堂正正,正正直直咁做人。 究竟這祇是理想?還是可以是事實可行呢?祇是被利用來鼓勵人用的多啲呢!
然而世人的眼光是勢利的,是偏見的,他們利用別人出生地,她們利用別人膚色,更利用別人成長地,還利用別讀過的學校,一早一早將別人stereotype 咗。
若一經畀人地定性後,要改變改觀,便需要加倍的氣力,所以要時刻警惕,不要給人口實,否則功虧一蕢,被人扣了帽子,就萬劫不復。
我的舊文:
韓愈 祭鱷魚文
陶淵明 歸去來辭
陶潛 五柳先生傳
陶潛《歸田園居詩五首》
陶淵明 桃花源記
范仲淹 岳陽樓記
文天祥 正氣歌
岳飛 滿江紅
王勃 滕王閣序
由說客 Lobbyist 到左傳 『燭之武退秦師』
Monday, January 19, 2009
刻意模仿
"Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery" by
François-Marie Arouet better known as Voltaire 伏爾泰(註)
時事評論員:蔡子強
中文大學政治與行政學系高級導師
2009-1-15 的一篇文章 就職之前
【明報專訊】近一個星期,從電視到報紙等媒體,鋪天蓋地,都是有關人氣人物奧巴馬怎樣籌備就職美國總統的新聞。
眾所周知,奧巴馬一直把林肯視作偶像,不單選擇在林肯的家鄉宣布參選,到華府的林肯紀念碑朝聖,在演說中加入林肯的金句,前一陣子筆者在這個專欄也提過,如果只能帶一本書,奧巴馬亦說自己會選擇那本講述林肯當選後,如何對政敵表現出非凡胸襟和智慧的書《Team of Rivals ~ 政敵團隊》,進入白宮。
只是想不到,這種林肯狂迷,奧巴馬甚至把它帶進自己的就職典禮當中。據報道,除效法林肯就職搭火車、以林肯用過的聖經宣誓,如今還誇張到說就職當日享用的午宴,餐前湯特地選了林肯最愛的「海鮮酥皮濃湯」,主菜也選擇林肯家鄉的美食,包括「櫻桃醬汁鴨胸肉」和「烤香料雉雞」,堪稱林肯式午宴。
只是不知道,除了這種皮毛之外,奧巴馬又有否進入更深的層次,例如從他的偶像之就職演說中,汲取養分,來撰寫自己的就職演說呢﹖
林肯的就職演說
就在這個就職的前夕,專門研究林肯的哈佛大學歷史學者John Stauffer,便撰寫了一篇文章〈What Obama can learn from Lincoln's Inaugural?〉,以林肯的就職演說,來提醒這位奧巴馬政壇新貴可能遇上的棘手問題。
在林肯選舉勝出到就職的一段過渡期內,共有7個南部州份宣布退出聯邦,國家面臨分裂,為了安撫南方的情緒,林肯在就職演說中,對保留奴隸制度採取一種寬容的態度,而非道德上的強烈譴責,甚至是騎牆派式的模稜兩可。
他甚至說:
「I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution, which amendment, however, I have not seen, has passed Congress, to the effect that the federal government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service….I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable.」
對於那些為貫徹公義,追求改變,要求廢除奴隸制,因而投他一票的支持者,這簡直是徹底的背叛和墮落,為他們帶來極大的失望和反高潮。其中一位最具聲望及影響力的反奴隸制領袖Frederick Douglass,便把林肯的就職演說形容為「little better than our worst fears」,甚至痛罵他為「an excellent slave hound」。於是,一篇就職演說,令「Change」變成一個不折不扣的笑話。
林肯企圖左右逢源
為何林肯會變得如此和稀泥﹖原因只有一個,他企圖左右逢源,在原有的支持者之外,還想討好奴隸主,令南方諸個州份不至繼續出走。於是他在演說中跟他們說:「we are not enemies but friends.」
結果是,林肯的支持者大量流失,直至被南方逼進死角,爆發內戰,一刀兩斷,原先的支持者才慢慢回心轉意。
「Change」會否只是「選舉語言」﹖
奧巴馬在整個選舉中,以「Change」為主題,但選舉之後,卻引入大量克林頓政府的前朝舊臣進入自己的管治班子之中。更重要的是,他開始進行期望管理,多次公開宣稱大家不要期望問題可以在他第一個任內得到解決。令大家開始懷疑「Change」是否只是一種「選舉語言」呢﹖
奧巴馬在11月4日晚發表大選勝利演說時,引用了林肯就職演說裏前述的那一句:
「As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.」
究竟奧巴馬會如何撰寫他的就職演說呢﹖會否重蹈林肯的覆轍﹖大家且拭目以待。
有關上述兩位人物的這段傳奇故事,John Stauffer著有《GIANTS: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln》一書,有興趣的讀者可自行翻閱
奧巴馬刻意模仿已故總統林肯,他首先選擇在芝加哥同一地點 (the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois),宣布他的參選意向。並在得勝後刻意效法林肯,容納政治對手入閣。
奧巴馬束意效法林肯乘火車上任,一月十七日由賓夕法尼亞州費城車站出發,一家四口登乘火車南下,會經過 達拉華州威爾明頓,接埋副總統拜登夫婦上車,再經 馬利蘭州巴爾的摩,繼續到達首都華盛頓DC,準備在一月二十日正午,宣誓就職成為總統。 而奧巴馬用來宣誓的聖經,也是從華盛頓國會圖書館借來收藏已久,林肯總統當年宣誓就職典禮,曾經用過的同一本聖經。
上面蔡子強話:『如今還誇張到說就職當日享用的午宴,餐前湯特地選了林肯最愛的「海鮮酥皮濃湯」,主菜也選擇林肯家鄉的美食,包括「櫻桃醬汁鴨胸肉」和「烤香料雉雞」,堪稱林肯式午宴。』咁高調重演當年,真喺都幾過癮,可謂一不做二不休,我個人認為奧巴馬不是僅僅為了過癮,而是想特顯和貫徹自己的辦事作風。
在我舊文 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton回答網友時,也就已經指出過 奧巴馬的國務卿是克林頓夫人,內閣之中很多是克林頓時代的舊臣,就好像個舊生會 reunion,就職典禮後,奧巴馬推翻現行布殊制度,實行翻天覆地的改革,看來勢在必行,更可能卻是恢復部份『克林頓時代』的舊制。
Change! 轉變!可以是好的,也可以是不好的,也有可能是壞的,不過最關心的不竟是:究竟奧巴馬的就職演說 touch 到啲乜呢? 蔡子強咁問,我都是咁問,我想全世界都會集中注意呢篇演說內容。
因為美國東岸和香港有13小時時差,再加上根據奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表,要到美國東岸正午十二時才宣誓,之後才發表演說,到時已經是香港的午夜後,恐怕要到天明,至可以在此或另文補登返。
不過奧巴馬在費城火車站出發前的演說提出:『擺脫偏狹意識形態「再獨立」,美國正面臨史無前例的挑戰,諸如經濟危機,並呼籲美國民眾團結於「新的獨立宣言」之下,從脫離頑固偏見、偏狹思維和意識形態中獨立出來。』費城正是當年美國《獨立宣言》簽署之地。
後記:「鳴笛駐足」之旅 whistle-stop trip(明報)
美國候任總統奧巴馬及其家人將於17日從賓夕法尼亞州費城啟程,乘坐火車前往首都華盛頓。
這是奧巴馬正式就職前為期一天的「鳴笛駐足」火車之旅。他也將成為過去56年來第一位坐火車前往華盛頓就職的美國當選總統。
在鐵路作為美國最主要長途交通工具的時代,當選總統大多都是坐火車到華盛頓就職。因為一路上要在多個地點駐足停留併發表演說,又被稱作「鳴笛駐足」之旅。英文中「鳴笛駐足」Whistle-Stop 這個詞,原指火車乘客要在不知名小站下車時,要拽一根特定的繩子示意司機知道,然後司機便會鳴笛停車。
據史料記載,亞當斯是首位乘坐火車的美國前總統,那是在1830年。首位乘坐火車的在任總統是傑克遜,他在1833年曾坐火車從華盛頓到巴爾的摩。
當選總統坐火車到華盛頓上任始於1841年。那一年,當選總統哈里森乘坐火車前往華盛頓參加就職典禮,從此當選總統坐火車去華盛頓就職成為一種慣例。
1913年,當選總統威爾遜從新澤西州的普林斯頓坐火車前往華盛頓就職。一路上,他不時站在一節露天車廂上向圍觀者招手,深得民眾好評。
1953年,當選總統艾森豪威爾在家人陪同下,從紐約登上專列,到華盛頓就職。此後由於航空業日益發達,坐飛機比坐火車快捷方便,當選總統一般不再坐火車到華盛頓就職。
奧巴馬之所以重拾「鳴笛駐足」,一個重要的原因是他想仿效19世紀美國著名總統林肯。1861年林肯曾從伊利諾伊州一路坐火車到華盛頓就任總統,而奧巴馬此次火車就職之旅,與林肯當年就職之旅的最後一段旅程基本相同。
不過,在當時的技術條件和時代背景下,林肯的「鳴笛駐足」之旅不僅十分勞頓,而且充滿驚險。林肯的就職之旅歷時12天,全程2574公里,從北到南,從西到東,費盡周折。而且,由於存在暗殺威脅,林肯在經過對廢奴立場存有敵意的州時,不得不用化裝或隱蔽等手段避險。
相比之下,奧巴馬的「鳴笛駐足」旅程要簡單得多,全程只有220公里,而且途中只在特拉華州的威爾明頓和馬利蘭州的巴爾的摩停留。
《註》記得首次看到這句子,是在陶傑在明報的專欄,他說是法國思想家 Voltaire 伏爾泰 的名句,但多年之後的今天,在網上搜尋未能 reconfirm 出處,亦沒有證據否定,所以暫時就算在 伏老頭上罷。
伸延閱覽:
就職之前 蔡子強 明報
Barack·Hussein·Obama(II) 維基百科
巴諾·胡辛·奧巴馬(二世) 維基百科
Obama Shi 小浜市 おばまし 維基百科
奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表 新浪網
奧巴馬與家人展開火車「鳴笛駐足」之旅 明報
Obama's whistle-stop trip on Obama Express CNN
奧巴馬「鳴笛駐足」之旅 出發前將發表演說 明報
奧巴馬所乘火車已抵達華盛頓 明報
Whistle stop train tour 維基百科
奧巴馬就職演說將談責任感 明報
Presidency Inauguration 新聞 CNN.Com
The Obama Inaugural Speech 原文 CNN.Com
我的舊文:
選舉人票 ~ 通吃制
希拉莉 敗選者的氣度
歷史新的一頁 a new page on American history
歷史更新的一頁 a newer page on American history
寫在塵埃落定時
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
奧巴馬 被 question validity of citizenship?
歷史的一刻 A moment in History (pending)
"Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery" by
François-Marie Arouet better known as Voltaire 伏爾泰(註)
時事評論員:蔡子強
中文大學政治與行政學系高級導師
2009-1-15 的一篇文章 就職之前
【明報專訊】近一個星期,從電視到報紙等媒體,鋪天蓋地,都是有關人氣人物奧巴馬怎樣籌備就職美國總統的新聞。
眾所周知,奧巴馬一直把林肯視作偶像,不單選擇在林肯的家鄉宣布參選,到華府的林肯紀念碑朝聖,在演說中加入林肯的金句,前一陣子筆者在這個專欄也提過,如果只能帶一本書,奧巴馬亦說自己會選擇那本講述林肯當選後,如何對政敵表現出非凡胸襟和智慧的書《Team of Rivals ~ 政敵團隊》,進入白宮。
只是想不到,這種林肯狂迷,奧巴馬甚至把它帶進自己的就職典禮當中。據報道,除效法林肯就職搭火車、以林肯用過的聖經宣誓,如今還誇張到說就職當日享用的午宴,餐前湯特地選了林肯最愛的「海鮮酥皮濃湯」,主菜也選擇林肯家鄉的美食,包括「櫻桃醬汁鴨胸肉」和「烤香料雉雞」,堪稱林肯式午宴。
只是不知道,除了這種皮毛之外,奧巴馬又有否進入更深的層次,例如從他的偶像之就職演說中,汲取養分,來撰寫自己的就職演說呢﹖
林肯的就職演說
就在這個就職的前夕,專門研究林肯的哈佛大學歷史學者John Stauffer,便撰寫了一篇文章〈What Obama can learn from Lincoln's Inaugural?〉,以林肯的就職演說,來提醒這位奧巴馬政壇新貴可能遇上的棘手問題。
在林肯選舉勝出到就職的一段過渡期內,共有7個南部州份宣布退出聯邦,國家面臨分裂,為了安撫南方的情緒,林肯在就職演說中,對保留奴隸制度採取一種寬容的態度,而非道德上的強烈譴責,甚至是騎牆派式的模稜兩可。
他甚至說:
「I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution, which amendment, however, I have not seen, has passed Congress, to the effect that the federal government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service….I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable.」
對於那些為貫徹公義,追求改變,要求廢除奴隸制,因而投他一票的支持者,這簡直是徹底的背叛和墮落,為他們帶來極大的失望和反高潮。其中一位最具聲望及影響力的反奴隸制領袖Frederick Douglass,便把林肯的就職演說形容為「little better than our worst fears」,甚至痛罵他為「an excellent slave hound」。於是,一篇就職演說,令「Change」變成一個不折不扣的笑話。
林肯企圖左右逢源
為何林肯會變得如此和稀泥﹖原因只有一個,他企圖左右逢源,在原有的支持者之外,還想討好奴隸主,令南方諸個州份不至繼續出走。於是他在演說中跟他們說:「we are not enemies but friends.」
結果是,林肯的支持者大量流失,直至被南方逼進死角,爆發內戰,一刀兩斷,原先的支持者才慢慢回心轉意。
「Change」會否只是「選舉語言」﹖
奧巴馬在整個選舉中,以「Change」為主題,但選舉之後,卻引入大量克林頓政府的前朝舊臣進入自己的管治班子之中。更重要的是,他開始進行期望管理,多次公開宣稱大家不要期望問題可以在他第一個任內得到解決。令大家開始懷疑「Change」是否只是一種「選舉語言」呢﹖
奧巴馬在11月4日晚發表大選勝利演說時,引用了林肯就職演說裏前述的那一句:
「As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.」
究竟奧巴馬會如何撰寫他的就職演說呢﹖會否重蹈林肯的覆轍﹖大家且拭目以待。
有關上述兩位人物的這段傳奇故事,John Stauffer著有《GIANTS: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln》一書,有興趣的讀者可自行翻閱
奧巴馬刻意模仿已故總統林肯,他首先選擇在芝加哥同一地點 (the Old State Capitol building in Springfield, Illinois),宣布他的參選意向。並在得勝後刻意效法林肯,容納政治對手入閣。
奧巴馬束意效法林肯乘火車上任,一月十七日由賓夕法尼亞州費城車站出發,一家四口登乘火車南下,會經過 達拉華州威爾明頓,接埋副總統拜登夫婦上車,再經 馬利蘭州巴爾的摩,繼續到達首都華盛頓DC,準備在一月二十日正午,宣誓就職成為總統。 而奧巴馬用來宣誓的聖經,也是從華盛頓國會圖書館借來收藏已久,林肯總統當年宣誓就職典禮,曾經用過的同一本聖經。
上面蔡子強話:『如今還誇張到說就職當日享用的午宴,餐前湯特地選了林肯最愛的「海鮮酥皮濃湯」,主菜也選擇林肯家鄉的美食,包括「櫻桃醬汁鴨胸肉」和「烤香料雉雞」,堪稱林肯式午宴。』咁高調重演當年,真喺都幾過癮,可謂一不做二不休,我個人認為奧巴馬不是僅僅為了過癮,而是想特顯和貫徹自己的辦事作風。
在我舊文 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton回答網友時,也就已經指出過 奧巴馬的國務卿是克林頓夫人,內閣之中很多是克林頓時代的舊臣,就好像個舊生會 reunion,就職典禮後,奧巴馬推翻現行布殊制度,實行翻天覆地的改革,看來勢在必行,更可能卻是恢復部份『克林頓時代』的舊制。
Change! 轉變!可以是好的,也可以是不好的,也有可能是壞的,不過最關心的不竟是:究竟奧巴馬的就職演說 touch 到啲乜呢? 蔡子強咁問,我都是咁問,我想全世界都會集中注意呢篇演說內容。
因為美國東岸和香港有13小時時差,再加上根據奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表,要到美國東岸正午十二時才宣誓,之後才發表演說,到時已經是香港的午夜後,恐怕要到天明,至可以在此或另文補登返。
不過奧巴馬在費城火車站出發前的演說提出:『擺脫偏狹意識形態「再獨立」,美國正面臨史無前例的挑戰,諸如經濟危機,並呼籲美國民眾團結於「新的獨立宣言」之下,從脫離頑固偏見、偏狹思維和意識形態中獨立出來。』費城正是當年美國《獨立宣言》簽署之地。
後記:「鳴笛駐足」之旅 whistle-stop trip(明報)
美國候任總統奧巴馬及其家人將於17日從賓夕法尼亞州費城啟程,乘坐火車前往首都華盛頓。
這是奧巴馬正式就職前為期一天的「鳴笛駐足」火車之旅。他也將成為過去56年來第一位坐火車前往華盛頓就職的美國當選總統。
在鐵路作為美國最主要長途交通工具的時代,當選總統大多都是坐火車到華盛頓就職。因為一路上要在多個地點駐足停留併發表演說,又被稱作「鳴笛駐足」之旅。英文中「鳴笛駐足」Whistle-Stop 這個詞,原指火車乘客要在不知名小站下車時,要拽一根特定的繩子示意司機知道,然後司機便會鳴笛停車。
據史料記載,亞當斯是首位乘坐火車的美國前總統,那是在1830年。首位乘坐火車的在任總統是傑克遜,他在1833年曾坐火車從華盛頓到巴爾的摩。
當選總統坐火車到華盛頓上任始於1841年。那一年,當選總統哈里森乘坐火車前往華盛頓參加就職典禮,從此當選總統坐火車去華盛頓就職成為一種慣例。
1913年,當選總統威爾遜從新澤西州的普林斯頓坐火車前往華盛頓就職。一路上,他不時站在一節露天車廂上向圍觀者招手,深得民眾好評。
1953年,當選總統艾森豪威爾在家人陪同下,從紐約登上專列,到華盛頓就職。此後由於航空業日益發達,坐飛機比坐火車快捷方便,當選總統一般不再坐火車到華盛頓就職。
奧巴馬之所以重拾「鳴笛駐足」,一個重要的原因是他想仿效19世紀美國著名總統林肯。1861年林肯曾從伊利諾伊州一路坐火車到華盛頓就任總統,而奧巴馬此次火車就職之旅,與林肯當年就職之旅的最後一段旅程基本相同。
不過,在當時的技術條件和時代背景下,林肯的「鳴笛駐足」之旅不僅十分勞頓,而且充滿驚險。林肯的就職之旅歷時12天,全程2574公里,從北到南,從西到東,費盡周折。而且,由於存在暗殺威脅,林肯在經過對廢奴立場存有敵意的州時,不得不用化裝或隱蔽等手段避險。
相比之下,奧巴馬的「鳴笛駐足」旅程要簡單得多,全程只有220公里,而且途中只在特拉華州的威爾明頓和馬利蘭州的巴爾的摩停留。
《註》記得首次看到這句子,是在陶傑在明報的專欄,他說是法國思想家 Voltaire 伏爾泰 的名句,但多年之後的今天,在網上搜尋未能 reconfirm 出處,亦沒有證據否定,所以暫時就算在 伏老頭上罷。
伸延閱覽:
就職之前 蔡子強 明報
Barack·Hussein·Obama(II) 維基百科
巴諾·胡辛·奧巴馬(二世) 維基百科
Obama Shi 小浜市 おばまし 維基百科
奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表 新浪網
奧巴馬與家人展開火車「鳴笛駐足」之旅 明報
Obama's whistle-stop trip on Obama Express CNN
奧巴馬「鳴笛駐足」之旅 出發前將發表演說 明報
奧巴馬所乘火車已抵達華盛頓 明報
Whistle stop train tour 維基百科
奧巴馬就職演說將談責任感 明報
Presidency Inauguration 新聞 CNN.Com
The Obama Inaugural Speech 原文 CNN.Com
我的舊文:
選舉人票 ~ 通吃制
希拉莉 敗選者的氣度
歷史新的一頁 a new page on American history
歷史更新的一頁 a newer page on American history
寫在塵埃落定時
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
奧巴馬 被 question validity of citizenship?
歷史的一刻 A moment in History (pending)
Sunday, January 18, 2009
從政者的胸襟
從政者的胸襟
本文寫于:零八年十二月十日,為何等到今天才登出嚟呢?末段會作解釋
(可直接跳到下面先讀完,再決定是否繼續)。
上週剛剛講完《Secretary of State Hillary Clinton》,奧巴馬延攬了,初選時的對手 希拉莉克林頓女士 做他的候任 國務卿,要求布殊政府的國防部長 蓋茨留任。最新消息,奧巴馬連初在初選一早脫腳的 理察森,也延攬為商務部長。
曾講過美國總統職權範圍大,一個人的精力時間有限,沒有可能樣樣事,巨細無遺咁去處理,作為一個總統,是依靠一班信得過的部長們各施其職,而他個人就是統籌,和 fine tune 一吓,在那裡加啲潤滑劑,減少各部門之間的磨擦,令到整部機器依照他的大方向運作。
管理學還有兩個理論,一個是 Smart Boss + 一班平庸的手下,個個默默耕耘,切實執行 Boss下達的命令,咁樣個 Boss要身苦啲,要跟得緊啲,但一班容易駕馭的手下,可以比較安心啲。另一個理論是,Smart Boss 統領一班 Smart 的手下,Boss 要做好平衡,利用每一個手下的長處,為自己服務,駕馭的能力要高,更要小心會被 Smart 過你的手下取代。有人話前者祇宜守業者,後者就適合開拓業務者。
等不久就看到,時事評論員中大的蔡子強,在明報發表了以下一篇文章:
【明報專訊】候任美國總統奧巴馬委任了其頭號初選對手、紐約州參議員希拉里出任國務卿;及布殊政府的國防部長蓋茨留任原職。
如果只能帶一本書進白宮,你估奧巴馬會帶哪一本﹖
奧巴馬帶入白宮的一本書
答案當然不是《新君王論》,能令奧巴馬如此愛不釋手的,是一本由女史學家 Doris Kearns Goodwin花了10年時間撰寫,講述已故美國總統林肯當選後對政敵表現出之非凡胸襟、氣概和智慧的書——《Team of Rivals》(政敵團隊)。
不說大家可能不知,林肯當年是爆冷贏出總統的,在共和黨黨內提名階段,林肯已經面對3位實力強橫的對手,包括頭號大熱門,原先無論聲勢和經驗(甚至能力)都勝他一籌,共和黨黨魁及資深紐約州參議員William Seward,以及俄亥俄州長Salmon Chase和密蘇里州資深眾議員Edward Bates。
4人之中,林肯從政經驗最淺,只是人人都看不起的「鄉下佬」,但結果卻令人盡跌眼鏡,難怪3人盡皆憤憤不平。正如作者Goodwin所說:「each of his celebrated rivals believed the wrong man had been chosen.」
但甫任總統的林肯,表現卻旋即令人刮目相看,他捐棄前嫌,邀請前述3位重量級人士入閣,由其頭號初選對手、資深參議員Seward出任國務卿,Chase當財政部長,及Bates任司法部長。至於書中另一位要角Edwin Stanton,則遲一步入閣,出任戰爭部長。這位仁兄與林肯的過節更甚,他與林肯同樣是律師出身,早年甚至交過手,卻看不起對方外形和表現鄉里,而譏諷對方為「long armed ape」(長臂猿),但林肯卻沒有因此而心存怨懟,反而賞識對方的才華和決斷力,找了他出任戰爭部長,組成了一個「政敵團隊」。
政敵團隊
後來《芝加哥論壇報》的記者訪問林肯,問他為何委任這麼多政敵入閣,尤其是前述3人時,他簡單直接的回答:「We needed the strongest men of the party in the Cabinet. We needed to hold our own people together. I had looked the party over and concluded that these were the very strongest men. Then I had no right to deprive the country of their services.」
《Team of Rivals》這本書要講的故事,就是林肯如何以過人的胸襟、識見和EQ,把這群原初桀騖不馴,「誰也不服誰」的對手統統請入內閣,並賦以重任,再運籌帷幄,讓所有人盡皆發揮所長,結果幫國家渡過立國以來最大的一場危機。
正如作者所說:「這是一個需要非凡的勇氣和自信的決定,林肯這些著名的對手顯然都認為他是錯誤之人選。一個較缺乏自信的人會以支持者包圍於身邊,因為他們不會質疑自己的權威。」
林肯vs.奧巴馬 Seward vs.希拉里
湊巧的是,當年經驗尚淺的伊利諾州國會議員林肯,找了初選的頭號對手、政壇老手、紐約州參議員 Seward當國務卿;如今經驗一樣的淺之另一位伊利諾州國會議員奧巴馬,也一樣找了初選的頭號對手、政壇老手、紐約州參議員希拉里當國務卿。歷史可謂出奇的巧合。Goodwin在接受訪問時,也說兩人驚人的相似。
事實上,奧巴馬也真的十分喜歡林肯,常常把他掛在口邊,這並不純粹是因為兩人出身相似,也不單是因為林肯曾解放黑奴,而也因為奧巴馬喜歡林肯包容的政治風格。
在競選期間,奧巴馬曾向傳媒推介過《Team of Rivals》這本書,並說他常常思考,究竟應如何帶領國家渡過今次的危機﹖答案就是採納書中所紀述,林肯的治國風格和用人之道,就是讓有能者居之。
他說:「The lesson is to not let your ego or grudges get in the way of hiring absolutely the best people」;又說:「I don't want to have people who just agree with me, I want people who are continually pushing me out of my comfort zone.」
Seward後來成了林肯政府中最親密的摰友,至於希拉里又如何,究竟是「與敵同眠」,還是「與敵同籌」呢﹖這便要看奧巴馬自己的識見和修養了。
重組行政會議應有新思維
原本外間以為,9月立法選舉後,曾蔭權便會重組行政會議,並公布新成員名單。但現時已經接近年尾,還是只聞樓梯響。各種傳聞遂不脛而走,例如近日某周刊便說曾蔭權想委任泛民中人進入行會,擴闊自己的決策基礎,但卻遭北京從中阻撓,一波三折。
是耶非耶,外人無從得知。但林肯和奧巴馬(以至羅斯福和邱吉爾等)的故事告知我們,如果有胸襟、有識見、有EQ和有政治技巧,在重大危機時,把政敵引入自己的團隊之中,尋求大和解,以及用人唯才,才是國家的福祉所在。
林肯和奧巴馬講的是被稱為「華府第一部長」的國務卿,如今香港講的只是區區一個行政會議席位,如果連這樣的胸襟也沒有(對曾蔭權而言),又或者空間都不給予香港(對北京而言),我們的政治是否也太窩囊呢﹖。
我的舊文Secretary of State Hillary Clinton,pointed out 管理學上的兩個理論,作為主管 Boss 應選擇平庸的 subordinates?還是挑選能力強的手下呢?
而我另一篇網誌『民主的兩個例子』,指出加拿大的國會,是容許、容納、容忍,具魁北克獨立主義的『魁人政團』候選人,透過選舉加入國會。
在加拿大國會內:統一派、魁獨派,兼容!但世界上有很多國家,分裂國家的分離主義份子,一早已經被監禁起來,或者已經判以死刑。
最近加拿大兩個小數派與魁獨派結盟,試圖利用不信任投票,將執政黨趕下臺,取而代之。面對這嚴峻的局面,加拿大沒有作出對魁獨份子的誅殺。現任總理只是指責兩個政黨,但沒有要踢魁人政團的議員出國會,輿論也沒有要烹走魁人政團,要打要殺。
從政者若懷自信,夠信心,有胸襟,是可以讓 rivalries 都納入自己團隊中,成為手下的一員,利用每一個手下的長處,為自己服務,但這樣的話,需要較高駕馭的能力。
若高估了自己的能力,縱有寬闊巨大胸襟,讓 rivalries 加入自己團隊中,成為手下的一員,就十分危險。還是低低地,找一班平庸的手下,個個默默耕耘,切實執行下達的命令,咁樣雖然要身苦啲,要跟得緊啲,但一班容易駕馭的手下,可以比較安心啲。
在加拿大的事件中,在國會內:統一派、魁獨派,兼容。保守黨、自由黨、新民主黨,都是主張統一的政黨,縱有魁人政團的議員在國會中,統一派具有信心容納魁獨派存在,這是體驗民主精神。
還有四十天,奧巴馬就宣誓就職,成為沒有第一位黑皮膚的總統,究竟祇做了兩年華府參議員的 奧巴馬,在未來四年點去協調一班資歷比他深的閣員,會攪出咩樣呢?至于加拿大倒閣信任投票事件,因總督的介入,把國會休會至明年一月二十六日,到時會點呢?拭目以待!
我們香港是實行行政主導的體制,立法會中有直選有間選的議員,但 行政會議的成員,是由首席行政長官提名,北京首肯才委任的 。。。。
。。。下刪百五字
政改談來談去,都是講 2012、2017,特首和立法會要由普選選出,點解冇人提吓,連行政會議成員都要普選呢?。。。。。下刪二百字
喺唔喺『基本法』裡面,是沒有普選行政會議的條款呢?噢! 。。。
。。。下刪五十字
若需要改『基本法』,大鑊囉!要去到『人大』,咁就講多無謂,食多會滯。
登出前的補充:
上文等了成個多月才登出,是讓自己冷靜下來,在今天回顧當時寫文心情、心境、心思,和現在有沒有兩樣。
美國方面,奧巴馬將要正式宣誓成為美國總統,他的團隊還需要參眾兩院的確認,暫時只有一個 理察森,因為牽涉官司提早下馬,辭任商務部長。而另一位 蓋特納則被揭欠繳稅款,及雇用非法勞工,不過他不打算辭任財政部長。 Anyway 新上任的都會有一個蜜月期,長短就冇人知嘞。
加拿大的國會在一月廿六日復會前,但因為有份倡導三個在野黨,一齊拉倒哈帕政府的自由黨迪安,畀自由黨內的人提前逼退,改為葉禮庭接任黨魁,咁自由黨就有更多轉身嘅位嘞。
香港方面,中央給了廣東省委書記:汪洋先生尚方寶劍,讓廣東速進粵港合作,要知到寶劍不是交給香港曾特首蔭權先生。 汪書記是廣東省的黨委書記抓政治,并帶第十七屆中央委員、中央政治局委員名涵等等,不是僅是一個地方小官員,黃華華省長才管行政負責執行。北京放權畀廣東,攪活粵港經濟,但有關政治還是緊緊抓著,尚方寶劍在第十七屆中央委員、中央政治局委員,汪洋手上。
最後一刻登出前,曾特首以要集中處理香港面對的衰退危機,在立法會答問大會中,宣佈把政制諮詢押後至年底,強調無改變普選承諾,重申處理普選要按步就班。特區政府更反駁人權觀察報指責。
所以我的決定就是:下刪百五字。。。下刪二百字。。。下刪五十字!
p.s. 連自己重讀都覺得幾噚氣,不過那時是我真情流露,很有感覺時寫下的,顧不刪掉太多,只把太具爭議性的的四百字刪去,原文我自己經已另外存檔。若有朋友真喺忍受到讀完至此,小弟銘感于心 Orz!Space 頓首!
後記:09-01-20 曾蔭權委任五位新行會成員
行政長官曾蔭權宣布委任胡紅玉、劉皇發、劉遵義、楊敏德和葉維義,為新任行政會議成員,委任明日起生效。獲委任的胡紅玉,是前平等機會委員會主席;劉皇發是現任鄉議局主席;劉遵義是中文大學校長;葉維義是新昌營造的前主席,而楊敏德是溢達集團主席兼行政總裁。
伸延閱覽:
林肯啟示錄~Team of Rivals 政敵團隊(明報論壇~蔡子強)
奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表出爐
面對嚴峻經濟困境曾蔭權未能提出任何應對方案
曾蔭權答非所問無新意欠承擔
經濟前景縱使未明朗 金融海嘯的後遺症仍在發酵
特區政府反駁人權觀察報
曾蔭權指押後政制發展公眾諮詢
政制諮詢押後至年底
曾蔭權指無改變普選承諾
特首指處理普選要按步就班
特首委任5名行會新成員
五名新行會成員履歷
我的舊文:
民主的兩個例子
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
本文寫于:零八年十二月十日,為何等到今天才登出嚟呢?末段會作解釋
(可直接跳到下面先讀完,再決定是否繼續)。
上週剛剛講完《Secretary of State Hillary Clinton》,奧巴馬延攬了,初選時的對手 希拉莉克林頓女士 做他的候任 國務卿,要求布殊政府的國防部長 蓋茨留任。最新消息,奧巴馬連初在初選一早脫腳的 理察森,也延攬為商務部長。
曾講過美國總統職權範圍大,一個人的精力時間有限,沒有可能樣樣事,巨細無遺咁去處理,作為一個總統,是依靠一班信得過的部長們各施其職,而他個人就是統籌,和 fine tune 一吓,在那裡加啲潤滑劑,減少各部門之間的磨擦,令到整部機器依照他的大方向運作。
管理學還有兩個理論,一個是 Smart Boss + 一班平庸的手下,個個默默耕耘,切實執行 Boss下達的命令,咁樣個 Boss要身苦啲,要跟得緊啲,但一班容易駕馭的手下,可以比較安心啲。另一個理論是,Smart Boss 統領一班 Smart 的手下,Boss 要做好平衡,利用每一個手下的長處,為自己服務,駕馭的能力要高,更要小心會被 Smart 過你的手下取代。有人話前者祇宜守業者,後者就適合開拓業務者。
等不久就看到,時事評論員中大的蔡子強,在明報發表了以下一篇文章:
【明報專訊】候任美國總統奧巴馬委任了其頭號初選對手、紐約州參議員希拉里出任國務卿;及布殊政府的國防部長蓋茨留任原職。
如果只能帶一本書進白宮,你估奧巴馬會帶哪一本﹖
奧巴馬帶入白宮的一本書
答案當然不是《新君王論》,能令奧巴馬如此愛不釋手的,是一本由女史學家 Doris Kearns Goodwin花了10年時間撰寫,講述已故美國總統林肯當選後對政敵表現出之非凡胸襟、氣概和智慧的書——《Team of Rivals》(政敵團隊)。
不說大家可能不知,林肯當年是爆冷贏出總統的,在共和黨黨內提名階段,林肯已經面對3位實力強橫的對手,包括頭號大熱門,原先無論聲勢和經驗(甚至能力)都勝他一籌,共和黨黨魁及資深紐約州參議員William Seward,以及俄亥俄州長Salmon Chase和密蘇里州資深眾議員Edward Bates。
4人之中,林肯從政經驗最淺,只是人人都看不起的「鄉下佬」,但結果卻令人盡跌眼鏡,難怪3人盡皆憤憤不平。正如作者Goodwin所說:「each of his celebrated rivals believed the wrong man had been chosen.」
但甫任總統的林肯,表現卻旋即令人刮目相看,他捐棄前嫌,邀請前述3位重量級人士入閣,由其頭號初選對手、資深參議員Seward出任國務卿,Chase當財政部長,及Bates任司法部長。至於書中另一位要角Edwin Stanton,則遲一步入閣,出任戰爭部長。這位仁兄與林肯的過節更甚,他與林肯同樣是律師出身,早年甚至交過手,卻看不起對方外形和表現鄉里,而譏諷對方為「long armed ape」(長臂猿),但林肯卻沒有因此而心存怨懟,反而賞識對方的才華和決斷力,找了他出任戰爭部長,組成了一個「政敵團隊」。
政敵團隊
後來《芝加哥論壇報》的記者訪問林肯,問他為何委任這麼多政敵入閣,尤其是前述3人時,他簡單直接的回答:「We needed the strongest men of the party in the Cabinet. We needed to hold our own people together. I had looked the party over and concluded that these were the very strongest men. Then I had no right to deprive the country of their services.」
《Team of Rivals》這本書要講的故事,就是林肯如何以過人的胸襟、識見和EQ,把這群原初桀騖不馴,「誰也不服誰」的對手統統請入內閣,並賦以重任,再運籌帷幄,讓所有人盡皆發揮所長,結果幫國家渡過立國以來最大的一場危機。
正如作者所說:「這是一個需要非凡的勇氣和自信的決定,林肯這些著名的對手顯然都認為他是錯誤之人選。一個較缺乏自信的人會以支持者包圍於身邊,因為他們不會質疑自己的權威。」
林肯vs.奧巴馬 Seward vs.希拉里
湊巧的是,當年經驗尚淺的伊利諾州國會議員林肯,找了初選的頭號對手、政壇老手、紐約州參議員 Seward當國務卿;如今經驗一樣的淺之另一位伊利諾州國會議員奧巴馬,也一樣找了初選的頭號對手、政壇老手、紐約州參議員希拉里當國務卿。歷史可謂出奇的巧合。Goodwin在接受訪問時,也說兩人驚人的相似。
事實上,奧巴馬也真的十分喜歡林肯,常常把他掛在口邊,這並不純粹是因為兩人出身相似,也不單是因為林肯曾解放黑奴,而也因為奧巴馬喜歡林肯包容的政治風格。
在競選期間,奧巴馬曾向傳媒推介過《Team of Rivals》這本書,並說他常常思考,究竟應如何帶領國家渡過今次的危機﹖答案就是採納書中所紀述,林肯的治國風格和用人之道,就是讓有能者居之。
他說:「The lesson is to not let your ego or grudges get in the way of hiring absolutely the best people」;又說:「I don't want to have people who just agree with me, I want people who are continually pushing me out of my comfort zone.」
Seward後來成了林肯政府中最親密的摰友,至於希拉里又如何,究竟是「與敵同眠」,還是「與敵同籌」呢﹖這便要看奧巴馬自己的識見和修養了。
重組行政會議應有新思維
原本外間以為,9月立法選舉後,曾蔭權便會重組行政會議,並公布新成員名單。但現時已經接近年尾,還是只聞樓梯響。各種傳聞遂不脛而走,例如近日某周刊便說曾蔭權想委任泛民中人進入行會,擴闊自己的決策基礎,但卻遭北京從中阻撓,一波三折。
是耶非耶,外人無從得知。但林肯和奧巴馬(以至羅斯福和邱吉爾等)的故事告知我們,如果有胸襟、有識見、有EQ和有政治技巧,在重大危機時,把政敵引入自己的團隊之中,尋求大和解,以及用人唯才,才是國家的福祉所在。
林肯和奧巴馬講的是被稱為「華府第一部長」的國務卿,如今香港講的只是區區一個行政會議席位,如果連這樣的胸襟也沒有(對曾蔭權而言),又或者空間都不給予香港(對北京而言),我們的政治是否也太窩囊呢﹖。
我的舊文Secretary of State Hillary Clinton,pointed out 管理學上的兩個理論,作為主管 Boss 應選擇平庸的 subordinates?還是挑選能力強的手下呢?
而我另一篇網誌『民主的兩個例子』,指出加拿大的國會,是容許、容納、容忍,具魁北克獨立主義的『魁人政團』候選人,透過選舉加入國會。
在加拿大國會內:統一派、魁獨派,兼容!但世界上有很多國家,分裂國家的分離主義份子,一早已經被監禁起來,或者已經判以死刑。
最近加拿大兩個小數派與魁獨派結盟,試圖利用不信任投票,將執政黨趕下臺,取而代之。面對這嚴峻的局面,加拿大沒有作出對魁獨份子的誅殺。現任總理只是指責兩個政黨,但沒有要踢魁人政團的議員出國會,輿論也沒有要烹走魁人政團,要打要殺。
從政者若懷自信,夠信心,有胸襟,是可以讓 rivalries 都納入自己團隊中,成為手下的一員,利用每一個手下的長處,為自己服務,但這樣的話,需要較高駕馭的能力。
若高估了自己的能力,縱有寬闊巨大胸襟,讓 rivalries 加入自己團隊中,成為手下的一員,就十分危險。還是低低地,找一班平庸的手下,個個默默耕耘,切實執行下達的命令,咁樣雖然要身苦啲,要跟得緊啲,但一班容易駕馭的手下,可以比較安心啲。
在加拿大的事件中,在國會內:統一派、魁獨派,兼容。保守黨、自由黨、新民主黨,都是主張統一的政黨,縱有魁人政團的議員在國會中,統一派具有信心容納魁獨派存在,這是體驗民主精神。
還有四十天,奧巴馬就宣誓就職,成為沒有第一位黑皮膚的總統,究竟祇做了兩年華府參議員的 奧巴馬,在未來四年點去協調一班資歷比他深的閣員,會攪出咩樣呢?至于加拿大倒閣信任投票事件,因總督的介入,把國會休會至明年一月二十六日,到時會點呢?拭目以待!
我們香港是實行行政主導的體制,立法會中有直選有間選的議員,但 行政會議的成員,是由首席行政長官提名,北京首肯才委任的 。。。。
。。。下刪百五字
政改談來談去,都是講 2012、2017,特首和立法會要由普選選出,點解冇人提吓,連行政會議成員都要普選呢?。。。。。下刪二百字
喺唔喺『基本法』裡面,是沒有普選行政會議的條款呢?噢! 。。。
。。。下刪五十字
若需要改『基本法』,大鑊囉!要去到『人大』,咁就講多無謂,食多會滯。
登出前的補充:
上文等了成個多月才登出,是讓自己冷靜下來,在今天回顧當時寫文心情、心境、心思,和現在有沒有兩樣。
美國方面,奧巴馬將要正式宣誓成為美國總統,他的團隊還需要參眾兩院的確認,暫時只有一個 理察森,因為牽涉官司提早下馬,辭任商務部長。而另一位 蓋特納則被揭欠繳稅款,及雇用非法勞工,不過他不打算辭任財政部長。 Anyway 新上任的都會有一個蜜月期,長短就冇人知嘞。
加拿大的國會在一月廿六日復會前,但因為有份倡導三個在野黨,一齊拉倒哈帕政府的自由黨迪安,畀自由黨內的人提前逼退,改為葉禮庭接任黨魁,咁自由黨就有更多轉身嘅位嘞。
香港方面,中央給了廣東省委書記:汪洋先生尚方寶劍,讓廣東速進粵港合作,要知到寶劍不是交給香港曾特首蔭權先生。 汪書記是廣東省的黨委書記抓政治,并帶第十七屆中央委員、中央政治局委員名涵等等,不是僅是一個地方小官員,黃華華省長才管行政負責執行。北京放權畀廣東,攪活粵港經濟,但有關政治還是緊緊抓著,尚方寶劍在第十七屆中央委員、中央政治局委員,汪洋手上。
最後一刻登出前,曾特首以要集中處理香港面對的衰退危機,在立法會答問大會中,宣佈把政制諮詢押後至年底,強調無改變普選承諾,重申處理普選要按步就班。特區政府更反駁人權觀察報指責。
所以我的決定就是:下刪百五字。。。下刪二百字。。。下刪五十字!
p.s. 連自己重讀都覺得幾噚氣,不過那時是我真情流露,很有感覺時寫下的,顧不刪掉太多,只把太具爭議性的的四百字刪去,原文我自己經已另外存檔。若有朋友真喺忍受到讀完至此,小弟銘感于心 Orz!Space 頓首!
後記:09-01-20 曾蔭權委任五位新行會成員
行政長官曾蔭權宣布委任胡紅玉、劉皇發、劉遵義、楊敏德和葉維義,為新任行政會議成員,委任明日起生效。獲委任的胡紅玉,是前平等機會委員會主席;劉皇發是現任鄉議局主席;劉遵義是中文大學校長;葉維義是新昌營造的前主席,而楊敏德是溢達集團主席兼行政總裁。
伸延閱覽:
林肯啟示錄~Team of Rivals 政敵團隊(明報論壇~蔡子強)
奧巴馬就職典禮最新日程表出爐
面對嚴峻經濟困境曾蔭權未能提出任何應對方案
曾蔭權答非所問無新意欠承擔
經濟前景縱使未明朗 金融海嘯的後遺症仍在發酵
特區政府反駁人權觀察報
曾蔭權指押後政制發展公眾諮詢
政制諮詢押後至年底
曾蔭權指無改變普選承諾
特首指處理普選要按步就班
特首委任5名行會新成員
五名新行會成員履歷
我的舊文:
民主的兩個例子
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
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